Chapter 2 Study Questions Flashcards
________ is defined as the exchange of oxygen between an organism and its environment
a. Elimination
b. Expiration
c. Respiration
d. Inspiration
C. Respiration
Pressure is defined as
a. F = P/A
b. F = A/P
c. F = P X A / P
d. None of the above
A. F = P/A
When volume of a closed container such as a hypodermic needle is increased:
a. pressure increases.
b. pressure decreases.
c. Boyle’s law is violated.
d. air or liquid will be sucked into the hypodermic needle.
B. Pressure decreases
The lateral aspect of the thorax is made up of the
a. rib cage
b. diaphragm
c. sternum and clavicle
d. scapula
A. Rib cage
There are ______ cervical vertebrae
a. 12
b. 6
c. 4
d. 7
D. 7
There are ______ lumbar vertebrae
a. 8
b. 4
c. 6 or 7
d. None of the above
D. None of the above
The _____ process forms the palpable aspect of the vertebral column
a. lateral
b. costal
c. spinous
d. anterior
C. spinous
The _____ is the channel through which the spinal cord passes
a. vagal formation
b. foramen ovale
c. alveolar portion
d. vertebral foramen
D. Vertebral foramen
The odontoid process is present only on the:
a. 2nd cervical vertebrae
b. 2nd thoracic vertebrae
c. 2nd lumbar vertebrae
d. 2nd sacral vertebrae
A. 2nd cervical vertebrae
The pelvic girdle is comprised of the ilium, sacrum, pubic bone, and
a. ischium
b. sacroiliac
c. icthic bone
d. sarcoid unit
A. ischium
The ____ is the inferior most component of the vertebral column
a. coccyx
b. sacrum
c. pubic symphysis
d. sacral ridge
A. coccyx
There are ____ floating ribs
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
B. 2
At rest, the rib cage had a ______ slope
a. downward
b. upward
c. lateral
d. transverse
A. Downward
A relative decrease in air pressure under atmospheric pressure is known as ________ pressure
negative
The _________ of the sternum is the largest component, forming the point of attachment for all but one of the true ribs
corpus
The ________ is a flexible tube beneath the larynx, forming the first passageway to the lungs
trachea
The esophagus is _______ to the trachea
posterior
Secondary bronchi serve the _______ of the lungs
lobes
Alveoli are located at the ends of the ______ bronchioles
terminal
During inspiration the inspiratory muscles of the rib cage contract, causing the rib cage to _______
elevate
The term used for a punctured lung is _______
pneumothorax
The ______ pleurae cover the surface of the lungs
parietal
When the serous fluid between the pleural linings is lost or reduced, a person is said to have _______
pleurisy
The ______ nerve innervates the diaphragm
phrenic
The _______ tendon is the point of insertion for all muscle fibers of the diaphragm
central
When the diaphragm contracts, the central tendon _______
depresses
The _______ intercostal muscles are muscles of inspiration
external
The ______ intercostal muscles are primarily involved in expiration
internal
The serrates posterior superior muscles (elevate/depress) the rib cage
elevate
The _________ muscle is actually a muscle of the arm which serves to elevate the rib cage by means of sternal and clavicular muscular components
pectoralis major
The _________________________ muscles are posterior thoracic muscles of
inspiration whose job is to elevate the rib cage. Each portion originates on a transverse processes of vertebrae (from C7 through T11), for a total of 12 muscles. Fibers course obliquely down and out to insert into the tubercle of the rib below.
levator costarum brevis
The ________ muscle is found on the inner surface of the rib cage, originating on the margin of the sternum, with fibers coursing to the inner chondral surface of ribs 2 through 6. Contraction of the muscles resists elevation of the rib cage
and decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity.
transversus thoracis
The ______ hiatus is the opening of the diaphragm that permits connection of the pharyngeal region with the stomach
esophageal
The head of the first rib attaches to this structure
a. corpus sterni
b. manubrium sterni
c. xiphoid process
d. clavicle
e. scapula
f. thoracic vertebrae
g. cervical vertebrae
h. coccyx
i. sacrum
B. manubrium sterni
This is the inferior-most component of the vertebral column
a. corpus sterni
b. manubrium sterni
c. xiphoid process
d. clavicle
e. scapula
f. thoracic vertebrae
g. cervical vertebrae
h. coccyx
i. sacrum
H. coccyx
This bone forms the superior aspect of the pectoral girdle
a. corpus sterni
b. manubrium sterni
c. xiphoid process
d. clavicle
e. scapula
f. thoracic vertebrae
g. cervical vertebrae
h. coccyx
i. sacrum
D. clavicle
This arm muscle attaches to the sternum and elevates it during inspiration
a. pectoralis major muscle
b. intraosseous portion, internal intercostal muscles
c. pectoralis minor muscle
d. sternocleidomastoid muscle
e. scalenus anterior, medius, posterior
f. diaphragm
g. external intercostal muscles
A. pectoralis major muscle
This muscle is responsible for turning the head, as well as elevating the thorax
a. pectoralis major muscle
b. intraosseous portion, internal intercostal muscles
c. pectoralis minor muscle
d. sternocleidomastoid muscle
e. scalenus anterior, medius, posterior
f. diaphragm
g. external intercostal muscles
D. sternocleidomastoid muscle
this segmented muscle runs from the diploid process to the pubix symphysis
a. rectus abdominis
b. transversus thoracis
c. transversus abdominis
d. external intercostal muscles
e. internal intercostal muscles
f. intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
g. intraosseous portion, external intercostals
h. internal oblique abdominis
A. rectus abdominis
this muscle elevates the rib cage
a. rectus abdominis
b. transversus thoracis
c. transversus abdominis
d. external intercostal muscles
e. internal intercostal muscles
f. intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
g. intraosseous portion, external intercostals
h. internal oblique abdominis
D. external intercostal muscles
this muscle courses from the thoracolumbar fascia to the lines semilunaris
a. rectus abdominis
b. transversus thoracis
c. transversus abdominis
d. external intercostal muscles
e. internal intercostal muscles
f. intraosseous portion, internal intercostals
g. intraosseous portion, external intercostals
h. internal oblique abdominis
B. transversus thoracis
this muscle is deep to the rib cage and depresses the rib cage during expiration
a. rectus abdominis
b. transversus abdominis
c. transversus thoracis
d. internal oblique abdominis
e. internal intercostal muscles
f. transversus thoracis
g. external intercostal muscles
h. external oblique abdominis
F. transversus thoracis
this muscle originates on the inguinal ligament and lines semilunaris and courses fanlike to insert into the lower ribs
a. rectus abdominis
b. transversus abdominis
c. transversus thoracis
d. internal oblique abdominis
e. internal intercostal muscles
f. transversus thoracis
g. external intercostal muscles
h. external oblique abdominis
H. external oblique abdomens
This is a component of the posterior attachment of the abdominal aponeurosis
a. inguinal ligament
b. xiphoid process
c. linea semilunaris
d. linea alba
e. thoracolumbar fascia
E. thoracolumbar fascia
This forms the superior point of attachment for the rectus abdominis
a. inguinal ligament
b. xiphoid process
c. linea semilunaris
d. linea alba
e. thoracolumbar fascia
B. xiphoid process
this structure courses from the iliac crest to the pubis symphysis
a. inguinal ligament
b. xiphoid process
c. linea semilunaris
d. linea alba
e. thoracolumbar fascia
A. inguinal ligament
this muscle of the thorax depresses the last four ribs
a. transversus thoracis
b. serratus posterior inferior
c. serratus posterior superior
d. levator costarum longis
e. levator costarum brevis
f. rhomboideus major and minor
g. trapezius
h. latissimus dorsi
B. serratus posterior inferior
this muscle arises from a thoracic vertebra and courses down. it skips the rib immediately below its vertebral origin and inserts into the rib below it
a. transversus thoracis
b. serratus posterior inferior
c. serratus posterior superior
d. levator costarum longis
e. levator costarum brevis
f. rhomboideus major and minor
g. trapezius
h. latissimus dorsi
D. levator costarum longis
external intercostal is a primary muscle of
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. neck stability
d. trunk stability
A. inspiration
internal intercostal, interchondral component is a primary muscle of
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. neck stability
d. trunk stability
A. inspiration
quadratus lumborum is a primary muscle of
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. neck stability
d. trunk stability
D. trunk stability
pectorals major is a primary muscle of
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. neck stability
d. trunk stability
A. inspiration
rhomboideus major and minor are primary muscles of
a. inspiration
b. expiration
c. neck stability
d. trunk stability
D. trunk stability
