Chapter 2 Study Guide

Question 1

Electronegativity

Answer 1

How much an element wants to attract

Increases as you go from left to right in the periodic table, because elements to the right have fuller valence shells and wish to attract electrons to completely fill

Decreases from top to bottom in periodic table, because inner shells of electron shield the valence electrons from the attraction of the nucleus

Question 2

Atomic (primary Bonds)

Answer 2

Created through the donation, exchange, or sharing of valence electrons

Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds

Question 3

Covalent Bonds

Answer 3

Equal sharing of electrons between elements with very similar/same electronegativity

Very strong, Directional, Local

Question 4

Ionics Bonds

Answer 4

In elements with very different electronegativity, less electronegative atom donates an electron to the more electronegative atom. Ions then attract electrostatically

Very strong, Non-directional, Local

Question 5

Metallic Bonds

Answer 5

Pooling of valence electroncs into a common sea of electrons

Strong, non-directional, non-local

Question 6

Molecular (secondary) Bonds

Answer 6

Created beacuse of polarization of molecular charge

Question 7

Van Der Waals Bonds

Answer 7

Very Very weak

Question 8

Bond strength increases

Answer 8

Elastic modulus increases

Melting temperature increases

Strength increases

Coefficient of thermal expansion increases

Question 9

Local bonds usually result in material that is …

Answer 9

Brittle

Thermal and electrical insulator

Question 10

Non-local bonds result in a material that is …

Answer 10

Ductile

Thermal and electrical conductor