Chapter 2 Study Guide

Question 0

List the four elements that make up 96% of your body by weight.

Answer 0

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and Nitrogen

Question 1

Name the three states of matter and explain how they transition from one to another.

Answer 1

Liquid- the atoms are vibrating fast and move with each other.
Solid- the atoms are in fixed positions.
Gas- the atoms vibrate very quickly and are separate from each other.

Question 2

What are elements that our bodies need in small amounts?

Answer 2

Trace elements. Ex. Iron

Question 3

True or False

A compound is two or more substances mixed together that are easily separated by physical means.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of the element?

Answer 4

An atom

Question 5

List and describe the three types of subatomic particles.

Answer 5

Proton- positive. In the nucleus
Neutron- neutral. In the nucleus
Electron- negative. around the outside of the nucleus.

Question 6

Diagram Ca2+ and how many valence electrons does it have?

Answer 6

20P
20N
2 valence electrons
4 energy levels
-1st 2 electrons
-2nd 8 electrons
-3rd 8 electrons
-4th 2 electrons

Question 7

Diagram Mg and how many valence electrons does it have?

Answer 7

12P
12N
2 valence electrons
3 energy levels
-1st 2
-2nd 8
-3rd 2

Question 8

Diagram Cl and how many valence electrons does it have?

Answer 8

17P
18N
7 valence
3 energy levels
-1st 2
-2nd 8
-3rd 7

Question 9

Diagram F-1 and how many valence electrons does it have?

Answer 9

9P
9N
7 valence
2 energy levels
-1st 2
-2nd 7

Question 10

What is radioactivity and what effect does it have on the atom?

Answer 10

Radioactivity is when an atom is unstable. The atom in turn will get rid of neutrons to become stable.

Question 11

What are the three types of bonding?

Answer 11

Covalent- electrons are shared
Ionic- electrons are transferred
Metallic- electrons move around freely

Question 12

What are the 4 life supporting properties of water.

Answer 12

Cohesion and adhesion- water sticks together
Moderates temperature- water takes a long time to heat up
Ice-
It is a solvent- water is a solvent for everything

Question 13

True or False

The PH scale measures the amount of OH- in a solution.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

The PH or human blood is…

Answer 14

7

Question 15

True or False

PH buffers only accept H+ ions to lower acidity.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Element

Answer 16

Primary constitutes of matter

Question 17

Matter

Answer 17

Physical substance that fills space

Question 18

Compounds

Answer 18

Something composed of two separate elements.

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

The canter of an atom that holds protons and neutrons

Question 20

Atomic number

Answer 20

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 21

Mass number

Answer 21

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 22

Isotope

Answer 22

Two or more of the same element that contain the same number or protons but different numbers of neutrons. It’s radioactive

Question 23

Chemical reaction

Answer 23

A process that rearranges the structure of a substance

Question 24

Cohesion

Answer 24

The action of forming a whole

Question 25

Surface tension

Answer 25

The tension of a surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of particles

Question 26

Evaporative cooling

Answer 26

Reduction in temp resulting from the evaporation of liquid.