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Prosthesis > Chapter 2: Stomatognathic System > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Stomatognathic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the stomatognathic system?

A

It is the functional unit responsible for chewing and swallowing. It is also involved in phonation, taste and breathing.

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2
Q

Parts of the stomatognathic system

A
  • Bones
  • Joints and ligaments
  • Muscles
  • Controlling nerves
  • Teeth
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3
Q

Bones of the stomatognathic system

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla
  • Temporal bone (glenoid cavity and articular eminence)
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4
Q

What is the TMJ?

A

It is a dual joint between the skull and the jaw.
It is a ginglymoarthrodial joint.

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5
Q

Parts of the TMJ

A
  • Joint surfaces
  • Disc
  • Upper and lower joint cavity
  • Synovial fluid
  • Retrodiscal tissue
  • Upper and lower retro discal lamina
  • Ligaments
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6
Q

Function of the synovial fluid

A

It provides nutrients and acts as a lubricant

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7
Q

What causes less friction in the TMJ?

A

The synovial fluid

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8
Q

Describe the disc of the TMJ

A
  • It is a dense fibrous conjunctive tissue
  • It is avascular and does not have an innervation
  • It gets less degenerative and has a greater repair capacity
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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the TMJ composed of?

A

They are composed of connective tissue collagen that does not distend (swell)

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10
Q

The function of the connective tissue collagen of the ligaments of the TMJ

A

It acts as a passive limiting of joint movements to protect the joint

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11
Q

What is more innervated and vascularised, the ligaments or the disc of the TMJ?

A

The ligaments are well-innervated and vascularised.
The disc is avascular and does not have an innervation.

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12
Q

Types of ligaments in the TMJ

A
  1. Functional/intrinsic ligaments
  2. Accessory/extrinsic ligaments
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13
Q

What are the functional/intrinsic ligaments?

A
  • Collateral/disc ligaments
  • Joint capsule
  • Temporomandibular ligament
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14
Q

What are the accessory/extrinsic ligaments?

A
  • Sphenomandibular ligament
  • Stylomandibular ligament
  • Pterygomandibular ligament
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15
Q

What ligament attaches the disc to the condyle?

A

The collateral/discal ligament

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16
Q

What ligaments limit the opening and the protrusion?

A

The temporomandibular ligament and the stylomandibular ligament

17
Q

Function of the TMJ

A
  • Upper compartment translational movement
  • Lower compartment rotational movement
  • Condylar position on the posterior part of the articular eminence with an interposed articular disc
  • Opening (rotation and translation motion)
  • Closing (rotation and translation motion on an axis slightly lower in comparison to the opening)
18
Q

Muscles of the TMJ

A
  1. Masticatory muscles
  2. Accessory muscles
19
Q

What are the masticatory muscles?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid:
    a. Upper head
    b. Lower head
20
Q

What are the accessory muscles?

A
  • Supra and infrahyoid muscles: digastric and mylohyoid muscles
  • Head and neck muscles: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
21
Q

What muscles are elevators?

A
  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid upper head
  • Temporal anterior and middle fibres
22
Q

What muscle is considered a disc stabiliser?

A

The lateral pterygoid upper head

23
Q

What muscles are considered depressors?

A
  • Lateral pterygoid lower head
  • Mylohyoid
  • Digastric anterior belly
24
Q

What muscles are used for protrusion?

A
  • Lateral pterygoid lower head (bilateral)
  • Medial pterygoid
25
Q

Muscles used for retrusion

A
  • Temporalis posterior fibres
26
Q

What muscles are used for the mandible side-to-side movements?

A
  • Lateral pterygoid lower head (opposite side)
  • Temporalis posterior fibres (same side)
27
Q

Cephalometric points in prosthesis

A
  • Tragus
  • Porion
  • Infraorbital point
  • Lateral palpebral commissure
  • Anterior nasal spine
  • Hinge axis
28
Q

Cephalometric planes in prosthesis

A
  • Frankfurt plane
  • Axis-orbital plane
  • Camper plane
  • Interpupillary line
29
Q

What plane joins the porion with the infraorbital point and is the reference for mounting in a semi-adjustable articulator?

A

The Frankfurt plane

30
Q

What plane joins the hinge axis with the infraorbital hole and is the reference for mounts in fully adjustable articulators?

A

The axis-orbital plane

31
Q

What does the Camper plane join? What is it the reference for?

A
  • It joins the top edge of the tragus and the bottom edge of the wing of the nose
  • It is the clinical reference for setting the occlusal plane that will be as possible parallel to this
  • it is the reference for full dentures
32
Q

What does the Camper plane join? What is it the reference for?

A
  • It is the horizontal anterior line that joins both eyes’ pupils
  • It is the clinical reference for setting the occlusal plane on the anterior teeth that will be as possibly parallel to this

Prosthesis (9 decks)

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