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CE 154: Principles Of Steel Design > Chapter 2: Specifications, Loads And Methods Of Design > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Specifications, Loads And Methods Of Design Flashcards

1
Q

adopted by nearly all building codes;
Standard setting body of steels

A

AISC ( American Institute of Steel Construction)

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2
Q

adopted by nearly all state highway and transportation departments

A

AASHTO (American Association of State Highways and Transportations Officials)

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3
Q

they are written, not for the purpose of restricting engineers, but for the purpose of protecting the public

A

Specifications

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4
Q

The intent of Specifications is that the loading used for design be the one that causes the largest stresses

A

TRUE

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5
Q

This was developed because of the need for a modern building code that emphasizes performance

A

International Building Code (IBC)

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6
Q

IBC is intended to provide a model set of regulations to safeguard the public in all communities.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

an up-to-date structural code addressing the design and installation of structural systems through requirements emphasizing performance through various model codes/regulations, generally from the United States, to safeguard the public health and safety nationwide

A

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)

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8
Q

establishes minimum requirements for structural systems using prescriptive and performance-based provisions

A

NSCP

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9
Q

What is the most difficult and most important task of a structural engineer?

A

Accurate estimation of Loads

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10
Q

what are the three classification of loads according to their character and duration of application.

A
  1. Dead Loads
  2. Live Loads
  3. Environmental Loads
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11
Q

-loads of constant magnitude that remain in one position
-consist of the structural frame’s own weight and other loads that are permanently attached to the frame

A

Dead Loads

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12
Q

Example of dead loads

A

for a steel-frame building, the frame, walls, floors, roof, plumbing, and fixtures

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13
Q

loads that may change in position and magnitude;
caused when a structure is occupied, used, and maintained

A

Live Loads

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14
Q

Classification of Live loads;

A

Moving and movable loads

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15
Q

live loads that move under their own power, such as trucks, people, and cranes

A

Moving Loads

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16
Q

live loads that may be moved, such as furniture and warehouse materials

A

Movable loads

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17
Q

Other types of live loads:

A

Floor loads
Traffic Loads for bridges
Impact Loads
Longitudinal Loads

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18
Q

bridges are subjected to series of concentrated loads of varying
magnitude caused by groups of truck or train wheels

A

Traffic Loads for bridges

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19
Q

are caused by the vibration of moving or movable loads

A

Impact Loads

20
Q

stopping a train on a railroad bridge or a truck on a highway bridge causes longitudinal forces to be applied

A

Longitudinal loads

21
Q

exertion of lateral earth pressures on walls or upward pressures on foundations

A

Soil Pressure

22
Q

water pressure on dams, inertia forces of large bodies of water during earthquakes, and uplift pressures on tanks and basement
structures

A

Hydrostatic pressures

23
Q

Cause by explosions, sonic booms, military weapons

A

Blast loads

24
Q

This is due to the changes in temperature, causing structural deformations and resulting structural forces

A

Thermal forces

25
Q

Those on curved bridges and caused by trucks and trains or similar effects on roller coasters

A

Centrifugal forces

26
Q

This load is caused by the environment in which a particular structure is located.

A

Environmental loads

27
Q

This is under rain loads. This is the result if water on a flat roof accumulates faster that it runs off.

A

Ponding

28
Q

wind forces act as pressures on vertical windward surfaces, pressures or suction on sloping windward surfaces (depending on the slope), and suction on flat surfaces and on leeward vertical and sloping surfaces (due to the creation of negative pressures or vacuums)

A

Wind Loads

29
Q

there is an acceleration of the ground surface motion; vertical and horizontal components – the vertical component is assumed to be negligible

A

Earthquake loads

30
Q

It is needed for the expected effects of an earthquake should include a study of the structure’s response to the ground motion caused by the earthquake

A

Structural analysis

31
Q

the movement or displacement of one story of a building with respect to the floor above or below

A

Drift

32
Q

two acceptable methods for designing structural steel members and their connections

A

LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design)
ASD (Allowable Strength Design)

33
Q

This provides boundaries of structural usefulness

A

Limit state

34
Q

used to describe a condition at which a structure or part of a structure ceases to perform its intended function

A

Limit state

35
Q

define load-carrying capacity, including excessive yielding, fracture, buckling, fatigue, and gross rigid body motion

A

Strength limit states

36
Q

Define performance, including deflection, cracking, slipping, vibration, and deterioration

A

Serviceability limit states

37
Q

Its calculated theoretical strength, with no safety factors (Ω) or resistance factors (𝜙) applied

A

The nominal strength of a member

38
Q

resistance factor, usually less than 1.0, is multiplied by the nominal strength of a member

A

LRFD method

39
Q

nominal strength is divided by a safety factor, usually greater than 1.0

A

ASD method

40
Q

possible service load groups are formed, and each service load is multiplied by a load factor, normally larger than 1.0, to account for the uncertainty of that particular load

A

LRFD Load Combinations

41
Q

the resulting linear combination of service loads in a group, each multiplied by its respective load factor

A

Factored Load

42
Q

used to compute the moments, shears, and other forces in the structure

A

Largest values determined

43
Q

(reduction factor 𝜙)(nominal strength of a member) ≥ computed
factored force in member, 𝑅𝑢
or 𝜙𝑅𝑛 ≥ 𝑅𝑢

A

LRFD

44
Q

the service loads are generally not multiplied by load factors or safety factors
-loads are summed up, as is, for various combinations, and the largest values obtained are used to compute the forces in the members

A

ASD Load Combinations

45
Q

nominal strength of a member safety factor Ω
largest computed force in ≥ member, 𝑅𝑢
Or 𝑅𝑛 ≥ 𝑅𝑎

A

ASD

46
Q

both LRFD and ASD have goals to obtain a numerical margin between resistance and load that will result in an acceptably small chance of unacceptable structural response

in general, Ω = 1.5 𝜙
where Ω = safety factor, a number usually greater than 1.0 used in ASD 𝜙 = resistance factor, a number usually less than 1.0 used in LRFD

A

FACTOR of SAFETY

CE 154: Principles Of Steel Design (2 decks)

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