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CCNP 350-401 Encor > Chapter 2. Spanning Tree Protocol > Flashcards

Chapter 2. Spanning Tree Protocol Flashcards

1
Q

What is a spanning tree protocol ?

A

STP enables switches to become aware and of other switches through the advertisement and receipt of BPDU.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of STP?

A

STP builds a layer 2 loop-free topology in an environment by temporarily blocking traffic on redundant ports.

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3
Q

What are the different types of STP?

A
  1. 802.1D, the original specification.
  2. Per-VLAN Spanning Tree(PVST)
  3. Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+)
  4. 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
  5. 802.1S Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MST)
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4
Q

What are the 802.1D port states?

A
  1. Disabled
  2. Blocking
  3. Listening
  4. Learning
  5. Forwarding
  6. Broken
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5
Q

What is STP Disabled State?

A

The port is in an administratively off position ( that is, shut down).

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6
Q

What is STP Blocking State?

A

The switch port is enabled, but the port is not forwarding any traffic to ensure that a loop is not created.

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7
Q

What is STP Listening State?

A

The switch port has transitioned from blocking state and can now send or receive BPDUs. It cannot forward any other traffic.

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8
Q

What is STP Learning State?

A

The switch port can now modify the MAC address table with any network traffic that it receives. The switch does not forward any other traffic besides BPDUs.

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9
Q

What is STP Forwarding State?

A

The switch port can forward all network traffic and can update the MAC ADDRESS table as expected.

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10
Q

What is STP Broken State?

A

The switch has detected a configuration or an operational problem on a port that can have major effects. The port discards packet as long as the problem continues to exist.

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11
Q

How long does it take from STP Disabled to Forwarding?

A

30 seconds.

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12
Q

What are the 3 port types of 803.1D?

A
  1. Root Port
  2. Designated Port
  3. Blocking Port
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13
Q

What is a Root Port in 802.1D port types?

A

Root Port is a network port that connects to the root bridge or an upstream switch in the spanning-tree topology.

There should be one root port per VLAN on a switch.

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14
Q

What is a Designated Port in 802.1D port types?

A

A network port that receives and forwards BPDU frames to other switches.

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15
Q

What is a Blocking Port in 802.1D port types?

A

A network that is not forwarding traffic because of STP calculations.

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16
Q

What is a Root Bridge?

A

It is the top switch in spanning tree for all path calculations by other switches. All ports are in forwarding state, and all ports on root bridge are categorised as designated ports.

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17
Q

What is a BPDU?

A

A network packet that is used for network switches to identify a hierarchy and notify of changes in the topology.

18
Q

What is the destination MAC address of a BPDU?

A

01:80:C2:00:00:00

19
Q

What are the two types of BPDU?

A
  1. Configuration BPDU.

2. Topology change notification (TCN) BPDU.

20
Q

What is a Configuration BPDU?

A

This type of BPDU is used to identify the root bridge, root ports, designated ports and blocking ports.

21
Q

What are the fields in configuration BPDU?

A
  1. STP type
  2. Root Path Cost
  3. Root Bridge Identifier
  4. Local Bridge Identifier
  5. Max age
  6. Hello Timer
  7. Forward Delay
22
Q

What is Topology Change Notification (TCN) BPDU?

A

This type of BPDU is used to communicate changes in the layer 2 topology to other switches.

23
Q

What is a Root Path cost?

A

This is the combined cost for a specific path towards the root switch.

24
Q

What is the System Priority?

A

This 4-but value indicates the preference for a switch to be root bridge. The default value is 32,768.

25
Q

What is The system ID extension ?

A

This 12-bit value indicates the VLAN that the BPDU correlates to.

The system priority and system id extension are combined as part of switches identification of the root bridge.

26
Q

What is a Root Bridge Identifier?

A

This is a combination of the root bridge system MAC address, system ID extension, and system priority of the root bridge.

27
Q

What is a Local bridge identifier?

A

This is a combination of the local switch’s bridge system MAC address, system ID extension, and system priority of the root bridge.

28
Q

What is a Max age?

A

This is the maximum length of time that passes before a bridge port saves its BPDU information. The default value is 20 seconds.

29
Q

What is a Hello time?

A

This is the time that a BPDU is advertised out of a port. The default value is 2 seconds, but the values can be configured to 1 to 10 seconds.

30
Q

What is a Forward delay?

A

This is the amount of time that a port stays in a listening and learning state. The default value is 15 seconds.

31
Q

What command configures long-mode interface cost?

A

Spanning-tree pathcost method long.

32
Q

Root Port is elected base on which criteria in the event of a tie?

A
  1. The interface associated to lowest path cost is more preferred.
  2. The interface associated to the lowest system priority of the advertising switch is preferred next.
  3. The interface associated to the lowest system MAC address of the advertising switch is preferred next.
  4. When multiple links are associated to the same switch, the lowest port priority from the advertising switch is preferred.
  5. When multiple links are associated to the same switch, the lowest port number from the advertising switch is preferred.
33
Q

Which command is used to identify the root bridge for a specific VLAN?

A

Show spanning-tree root.

34
Q

What are the port types on a catalyst switch?

A
  1. Point-to-point (p2p)

2. P2P edge

35
Q

What is a point-to-point (p2p) port on a catalyst switch?

A

This port connects with another network device (PC or RSTP switch)

36
Q

What is a P2P edge port on a catalyst switch?

A

This is port type specifies that portfast is enabled on this port.

37
Q

What does the Type field *TYPE_Inc- means on a catalyst switch?

A

This indicates a port configuration mismatch between two catalyst switches connected together.

38
Q

What are the 3 RSTP port states

A
  1. Discarding
  2. Learning
  3. Forwarding
39
Q

What the Port roles of RSTP?

A
  1. Root Port - A network port that connects to the root switch or upstream switch in spanning-tree topology.
  2. Designated Port - A network port that receives and forwards frames to other switches.
  3. Alternate Port - A network port that provides alternate connectivity towards the root switch through a different switch.
  4. Backup Port - A network port that provides link redundancy towards current root switch. It cannot guarantee connectivity.
40
Q

What are the 3 port types of RSTP (802.1W)?

A
  1. Edge Port
  2. Root Port
  3. Point-to-point Port

CCNP 350-401 Encor (5 decks)

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