chapter 2 - skills and practices

Question 1

outdoor leadership skills - generic

Answer 1

Key management skills, applicable to all outdoor education expeditions or activities
- trip planning
- performance skills
- navigation skills
- weather and interpretation skills
- first aid skills

Question 2

outdoor leadership skills - specific

Answer 2

Hard’ or ‘practical’ skills, need to spend time developing these abilities, unique to the activity
- technical skills
- environmental skills
- safety skills

Question 3

outdoor leadership skills - metaskills

Answer 3

Metaskills or integrated skills, combine both specific skills and people attributes or qualities, and have become a focus of leadership training.
- mental awareness
- communication skills
- organisational skills
- instructional/facilitation skills
- group management skills
- flexible leadership skills
- personal skills
- ethics

Question 4

DoE: Outdoor education and recreation activities: procedures and guidelines policy

Answer 4

• TIC is responsible for developing a response plan that will ensure access to emergency support without compromising the safety and welfare of the group

The TIC must consider:
–Risk- environment, participants, equipment, activities, capabilities of instructors
–Supervision strategies
–Means of identifying participants
–Information to be provided to the parents for consent
–Communication strategies
–Emergency response planning
–Briefing for participants

Question 5

Adventure Activities Standards (AAS) Outdoors WA

Answer 5

• reflect common safe practice as identified by the outdoor sector and benchmark the minimum industry requirement
  -responsibilities for organisations and leaders conducting outdoor adventure activities for commercial and non-commercial groups.

Question 6

What is GPS?

Answer 6

• Global Positioning System
• a Global Navigation Satellite systems (GNSS) developed by the US department of Defence.

Question 7

function of GPS

Answer 7

• Ability to store positions and determine speed, direction, distance of travel, length of travel time and the estimated time of arrival at your destination.
• Latitude, longitude and altitude details
• Map storage
• Ability to trace your path across a map as you move.

Question 8

strength of GPS

Answer 8

■Easy to navigate

■Works in all weather

■Low cost in comparison to other technology

■Integrated in to mobile phone

■Small size

■Works anywhere on earth

■Updated regularly

■Location based information can be used for different purposes: in cars, geocaching, sport, geographic services

■Can be used as a supplement to map and compass

Question 9

weaknesses of GPS

Answer 9

■Can fail – need map and compass as a back up

■Battery life = 8-12 hours

■GPS accuracy relies on quality signal reception – larger antennae = better accuracy.

■Reception can be interfered by certain factors: buildings, trees, extreme atmospheric conditions, being underground, under water or indoors.

■Maps may be outdated- introduction of new roads/tracks

■Position can be in error when the number of satellites are restricted