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Theories Of Personality > Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud Flashcards

1
Q

Freiberg, Moravia

A

Freud’s birthplace, now part of the Czech Republic

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2
Q

Jacob & Amalie Nathanson Freud

A

Freud’s parents

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3
Q

Vienna, Austria

A

Freud’s home for nearly 80 years

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4
Q

Julius

A

Freud’s brother who died at 6 months of age, Freud was jealous of him; Freud harbored an unconscious wish for his death

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5
Q

University of Vienna Medical School

A

Where Freud studied

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6
Q

Why Freud didn’t continue his work

A

As a jew, he believed his opportunities for academic achievement would be limited
His father became less able to provide monetary aid

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7
Q

General Hospital of Vienna

A

Where Freud worked for 3 years, becoming familiar with the practice of various branches of medicine, including psychiatry and nervous diseases

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8
Q

Jean-Martin Charcot

A

French Neurologist that Freud worked with for 4 months. Freud learned the hyptonic technique for treating hysteria

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9
Q

Hysteria

A

Disorder characterized by paralysis on the improper functioning of certain parts of the body

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10
Q

Josef Breuer

A

Viennese physician who taught Freud about catharsis

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11
Q

Catharsis

A

The process of removing hysterical symptoms through talking them out

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12
Q

Free Association Technique

A

Discovered while using catharsis; replaced hypnosis as his principal therapeutic technique

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13
Q

Reasons why Freud abandoned the Seduction Theory

A

The seduction theory had not enabled him to successfully treat even a single patient.
A great number of fathers would have to be accused of sexual perversion because hysteria was common even among Freud’s siblings
Freud believed the unconscious mind could probably not distinguish reality from fiction
The unconscious memory of advanced psychotic patients almost never revealed early childhood sexual experiences

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14
Q

Books written by Freud

A 
Interpretation of Dreams
Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
On Dreams
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15
Q

Wednesday Psychological Society

A

Former name of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

Freud, Adler, Stekel, Kahane, & Reitler were original members

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16
Q

Carl Jung

A

Designated the Crown Prince and the Man of the Future

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17
Q

Two levels of mental life

A

Conscious and unconscious

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18
Q

Two levels of the unconscious

A

Unconscious and Preconscious

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19
Q

Unconscious

A

Contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions

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20
Q

Dreams

A

Serve as a particularly rich source of unconscious material

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21
Q

To enter the conscious level of the mind

A

Unconscious images must be disguised to slip past the primary censor and elude a final censor that watches the passageway between the preconscious and the conscious

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22
Q

Punishment and suppression

A

Create feelings of anxiety which in turn stimulates repression

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23
Q

Repression

A

The forcing of unwanted, anxiety-ridden experiences into the nconscious as a defense against the pain of that anxiety

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24
Q

Phylogenetic endowment

A

Freud’s term for inherited unconscious images

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25
Q

Preconscious level of the Mind

A

Contains elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty

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26
Q

Sources of Preconscious Images

A

Conscious Perceptions and Unconscious

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27
Q

How ideas reach consciousness

A

Perceptual conscious system and within the mental structure and includes nonthreatening ideas from thepreconscious as well as menacing but well-disguised images from the unconscious

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28
Q

Id

A

Sole function is to seek pleasure; serves the pleasure principle; unrealistic, illogical and can simultaneously entertain incompatible ideas; primitive, chaotic, inaccessible to the consciousness, unchangeable, amoral, illogical, unorganized, and filled with energy received from basic drives and discharged for the satisfaction of the pleasure principle; operates through the primary process

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29
Q

Ego

A

Only regiono f the mind in contact with reality; grows out of the id; Governed by the reality principle; partly conscious, partly preconscious, and partly unconscious; tries to reconcile the blind, irrational claims of the id and the superego with the realistic demands of the external world

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30
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Defends the ego against anxiety

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31
Q

Superego

A

Represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality and is guided by the moralistic and idealistic principles; has no contact with the outside world; unrealistic in its demands for perfection

32
Q

Subsystems of the Superego

A

Conscience and the Ego Ideal

33
Q

Conscience

A

Results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do

34
Q

Ego Ideal

A

Develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tell us what we should do

35
Q

Drive

A

Operate as a constant motivational force; cannot be avoided through flight; characterized by impetus, source, aim, and object

36
Q

Groups of Drives

A

Sex (Eros) and aggression

Thanatos (Distraction)

37
Q

Libido

A

SEx drive

38
Q

Impetus

A

Amount of force a drive exerts

39
Q

Source of the Drive

A

The region of the body in a state of excitation or tension

40
Q

Aim of the Drive

A

To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension

41
Q

Object of a drive

A

The person or thing that serves as a means through which the aim is satisfied

42
Q

Erogenous Zones

A

Areas of the body capable of producing sexual pleasure

43
Q

Primary Narcissism

A

Self-centerness of infants with their libido invested exclusively on their own ego

44
Q

Secondary Narcissism

A

When libido is redirected back to the ego and become preoccpied with personal appearance and other self-interests

45
Q

Sadism

A

The need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person

46
Q

Masochism

A

Becomes a perversion when Eros becomes subservient to the destructive drive; experience sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others

47
Q

Aggression

A

The aim is to return an organism to an inorganic state

48
Q

Anxiety

A

Felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns a person against impending danger; ego preserving mechanism, self-regulating

49
Q

Kinds of Anxiety According to Freud

A

Neurotic Anxiety
Moral Anxiety
Realistic Anxiety

50
Q

Neurotic Anxiety

A

Apprehension about an unknown danger; feeling itself exists in the ego, but it originates from id impulses

51
Q

Moral Anxiety

A

Stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego

52
Q

Realistic Anxiety

A

Closely related to fear; an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger

53
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Used to avoid dealing directly with sexual and aggressive implosives and to defend itself against the anxiety that accompanies them

54
Q

Types of Defense Mechanisms

A

Repression, Reaction Formation, Displacement, Fixation, Regression, Projection, Introjection, and Sublimation

55
Q

Repression

A

Forcing threatening feelings into the unconscious

56
Q

What happens to impulses after they become unconscious, according to Freud?

A

Impulses can remain unchanged in the unconscious
They force their way into consciousness in an unaltered form
They are expressed in displaced or disguised forms

57
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form

58
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed

59
Q

Fixation

A

Remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological stage

60
Q

Regression

A

Reverting to earlier, safer, more securer and to inverst thepatterns of behavioir libido onto more primitive and familiar objects

61
Q

Projection

A

Seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one’s own unconscious

62
Q

Introjection

A

When people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego

63
Q

Sublimation

A

Repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim

64
Q

Stages of Development

A

Infantile Stage
Latency Stage
Genital Stage

65
Q

Stages within the infantile Stage

A

Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage

66
Q

Oedipal Stage

A

When a child desires sexual union with one parent while harboring hostility for the other

67
Q

Dreams & Freudian Slips

A

Disguised means of expressing unconscious impulses

68
Q

Freudian Slips

A

Parapraxes, reveal unconscious intention of the person

69
Q

Freud & Concept of Humanity

A

Determinism - Freud believed behavior is determined by past events; behaviors are rooted in unconscious strivings that lie beyond present awareness
Pessimistic - innate death wish drives us towards self-destruction or aggression
Causality - people constantly attempt to reduce tension; to relieve anxieties; to repress unpleasant experiences; to regress to earlier more secure stages of development; and to compulsively repeat behaviors that are familiar and safe
Unconscious - motivations underlying our actions are deeply embedded in our unconscious and are frequently different from what we believe them to be
Biological Influences - Many infantile fantasies and anxieties are rooted in biology
Uniqueness - individual experiences shape people in a somewhat unique manner and account for many of the difference between personalities

70
Q

Free Association

A

Patients are required to verbalize every thought that comes to mind no matter now irrelevant or repugnant it may appear

71
Q

Transference

A

The strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment

72
Q

Negative Transference

A

Comes in the form of hostility; must be recognized by therapist and explained to patients so they can overcome any resistance to treatment

73
Q

Resistance

A

A variety of unconscious responses used by patients to block their own progress in therapy, can be a positive sign because it indicates that therapy has advanced beyond superficial material

74
Q

Dream Analysis

A

Transforming the manifest content of dreams to the more important latent content

75
Q

Manifest Content

A

Surface meaning or the conscious description given by the dreamer

76
Q

Latent Content

A

Unconscious material of dreams

Theories Of Personality (4 decks)

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