Chapter 2 Scientific Methods Flashcards
Data Collection Process
hypothesis, method, results, interpretation, replicability
Triangulation
examining converging information from different sources (qualitative and quantitative research)
hypothesis
a clear predictive statement; a simple language, testable, if/then
Method
how a researcher tests their hypothesis, data collection; qualitative (narrative description), quantitative (numerical values)
Results
Information collected by the researcher in an attempt to resolve their hypothesis
Interpretation
the “discussion” section of a research paper, where author’s unpack the meaning behind the results
Replicability
results should be the same if you recreate the procedures. If it is not replicable results happened by chance or errors were made
Meta-Analyses
avoids the issue of replicability
Falsifiable
state in such clear, precise terms that we can see what evidence would count against it
Burden of Proof
Obligation to present evidence to support one’s claim
Population
group you want to know about
Convenience Sample
Taken from some available subgroup in the population; not random and therefore may be biased
Representative Sample
one that resembles the population
Random Sample
taken at random from the population
Cross-Cultural Sample
2+ cultures
Operational Definitions
specific procedure for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable (ex: IQ)
Conceptual Variable
abstract and general, researcher “thinks up” or conceptualizes this variable. (what the researcher truly wants to measure) ex: intelligence
Types of Observational Research
Naturalistic Observations, Correlational Studies, Case Histories, Surveys