Chapter 2 Safety Concepts Flashcards
What are the two questions that each ISO need to ask?
What is the worst that can happen here?
What is the probability of it happening?
What are the 3 acceptable health and safety principles and practices concepts that are common in risk reduction?
Operational safety triad, five-step risk management model, and risk/benefit thinking
Define key term Assistant safety officer ASO
A member of the fire department appointed by the incident commander to assist the ISO in the performance of the ISO functions at an incident scene
Define key term Assistant safety officer ASO
A member of the fire department appointed by the incident commander to assist the ISO in the performance of the ISO functions at an incident scene
Define key term Code of Federal Regulations CFR
OSHA regulations that often outline the equipment required to accomplish a given process
Define key term Code of Federal Regulations CFR
OSHA regulations that often outline the equipment required to accomplish a given process
Define key term countermeasure
An action used to effect hazard mitigation
Define key term education
The process of developing ones analytical ability using principles, concepts, and values
Define key term education
The process of developing ones analytical ability using principles, concepts, and values
Define key term formal process
A process defined in writing. It can take on many forms: sop’s, sog’s departmental directives, temporary memorandums, and the like
Define key term guideline
An adaptable template that offers wide flexibility in application
Define key term informal process
A process or operation that is part of a departments routine but that is not written. Because such processes that are not written, they are typically leaned through new member training, on the job training, and day to day routine
Define key term mitigation
The overall strategy of hazard control
Define key term mitigation hierarchy
A preferred order of hazard control strategies: elimination, reduction, adaptation, transfer, and avoidance
Define key term procedure
A strict directive that must be followed with little or no flexibility
Define key term risk
The chance of damage, injury, or loss
Define key term risk management
The process of minimizing the chance, degree, or probability of damage, loss, or injury
Define key term thermal protective performance TPP
A value given to the protective insulative quality of structural firefighting ppe and equipment
Define key term training
The process of leaning and applying knowledge and skills
What is the first step in developing a formal SOP?
Establish an administrative process to create, edit, alter, or delete established processes
Two ways to approach the question of which topics to write sop’s about first
needs assessment- flag areas in which firefighters need guidance
external influences-OSHA, ISO, NFPA,
What makes a well written SOP?
If firefighters follow it
Clear outline and simple language
3 places and SOP outline can come from
Officers meeting, Chiefs direction, another department sample
Qualities of a good SOP
Simple language, Clear direction, Tested technique, Easy interpretation, Applicability to many scenarios, Specificity only in relation to critical or life-endangering points
What do ISO’s need to know about SOP’s
Which ones are being applied to a given situation, and if the SOP is accomplishing what is intended
What is the operation triad?
Procedures, equipment, personnel
What is the first step to determine if a department has necessary equipment to perform safe operations?
Officers make a list of all incidents handled by their jurisdiction, with corresponding equipment needed safely handle the incident to the degree department is responsible for
What is the second step in determining department equipment needs to perform safely?
Divide equipment list into 2 parts needed and nice to have
What is the third step in determining equipment needs for safe operations?
evaluate the needed list against equipment on hand, then prioritize for purchasing and budgeting
What are OSHA regulations referred to as? and what do they often outline?
CFR and equipment required for a given process
What are 3 agencies to consult on helping to determine equipment needs
OSHA, NFPA, NIOSH
What are the 7 items to consider when writing equipment guidelines?
Selection, Use, Cleaning and decontamination, Storage, Inspection, Repair, Criteria for retirement
What are the 7 “Right” ppe equipment that make a difference in safety
Task specific ppe ensembles, Accountability passports and electronic tracking systems, disposable ems mask/gloves, water-free hand disinfectant, intergrated pass and heads up display for scba, high vis vests, nomex materials.
What are the 11 apparatus equipment that affect safety
Enclosed cabs, intercom radio headsets, three point seat belts for all riding positions, quick deploy scene lighting, mobile data terminals, ergonomic hose beds, vertical exhaust pipes, wide reflecitve trim rear collision striping, roll up compartment doors roll out trays, gps, automatic vehicle locators
What are the 7 tool equipment that affect safety
multi gas detectors, speed shores, rehabilitation kits, command/accountability status boards, on scene contamination reduction kits, two way radio for each firefighter, thermal imaging camera
What are the 6 station equipment that affect safety
Exhaust removal system, aerobic and strength exercise devices, dedicated disinfection area, fire suppression sprinkler system, extractors for washing structure gear, open air/forced air gear storage
Which is the least important facet of safety triad?
equipment
What does the effective ISO understand about TPP and structure fire ppe
Todays ppe has high TPP and does not allow the firefighter to feel high heat until they are deep into a perilous situation
What are the 3 factors that must be addressed as part of the personnel leg of the safety triad
training, health, and attitude
What are the 3 factors that contribute to an individuals ability to act safely?
Acquired training and education,
The persons physical and mental health,
The persons general and current attitude
What are the specific qualities that should be present in training?
Clear objectives, applicability to incident handling, established proficiency level, identification of potential hazards, definition of the acceptable risk to be taken, list of options should something go wrong, accountability to act as trained
What is the difference in education and training?
Training is how to do something, education is the why to do something
What shapes and individuals values and attitudes?
Safety education
What are the essential training subjects for increased incident safety?
PPE/mastery
Accountability systems/mastery
Company formation and team continuity/mastery
Fire behavior and phenomena/proficient
Incident command systems/proficient
Apparatus driving/proficient under stress
fitness and rehab/practitioner
Keys to improving physical health
Annual health screening, vaccination and immunization offerings, process to determine individual firefighting fitness, access to a department designated physician, work hardening and mandatory ongoing fitness program, firefighter nutrition education, effective rehabilitation strategies
What are the fundamentals in supporting firefighter mental health?
Training to recognize atypical incident stress signs and symptoms, creating professional peer outreach options for suicide prevention, including families in social education and team building events, accessing local and national resources to help implement behavioral health program
Which is the hardest people factor affecting safety to address?
Attitude
What affects the dynamic safety attitude of the individual?
Safety culture, firefighter death or injury history, examples set by chiefs veteran firefighters
What makes up a departments safety culture
ideas, skills, and customs that are passed from on generation to another
What are 4 areas to look at to see if safety indicators are being practiced?
Crews of company members are watchin not only themselves but also their team members
Work areas are neat and organized
Drivers are calm, consistent, and attentive
Observations are openly shared
What are the 5 steps of classic risk management process?
indentification, evaluation, prioritization, control, monitoring
After hazard is identified how is it assigned a value during evaluation stage?
Frequency and Severity
What is hazard frequency and how is it descibed?
probability that an injurious event can happen, described as low moderate high based on number of times that event is present or number of times injury occurred from event
What is hazard severity
harmful consequence or cost associated with injury or property damage described as low, moderate, or high
What is the simple form control hierarchy
Design, Guard, Warn
What is the complex control hierarchy
Eliminate through design, substitute, isolate, adopt engineered control, administrative controls, use ppe
Example of substitute
use a less dangerous chemical or material
example of isolate
containment or enclosure
example of engineered controls
fans or spark-arresting features
example of administrative controls
trainings, procedures
What is the fire service mitigation hierarchy
elimiination, reduction, adaptation, transfer, avoidance
Fire example of hazard avoidance
letting something burn itself out
Fire example of hazard reduction
fuel alteration in the path of an advancing wildfire like dozer breaks, burn-outs, wet lines
Fire example of adaption
high gallon per minute flow rate, flow path management, sound tactics/procedures
What is a weakness for the five step model
no provisions for acceptable risk-taking
