Chapter 2 - Rules Of The Air Flashcards
Where can international standards of the rules of the air be found?
ICAO Annex 2
What does SERA stand for?
Standardized European Rules of the Air
What does ANO stand for
Air Navigation Order
The rules of the air apply to….
All aircraft in the UK and all UK registered aircraft
You are allowed to break SERA rules for…
Avoiding immediate danger or for complying with law of any other country
If you do depart from SERA rules you must tell the authorities within _____ days
10
4 must know points of Collision Avoidance
1- Regardless of ATC clearance, it is the duty of the PIC to take all possible measures to not collide with other aircraft.
2- Aircraft must not fly so close to other aircraft as to create a danger
3- When giving way to other aircraft, do not pass over/under/across
4- When you have right of way, keep your heading and speed the same
What does PIC mean?
Pilot In Command
When approaching head on with another aircraft, turn… ___
Right
When Overtaking, keep out of the way by going ____ around them
Right
With > meaning gives way to. What gives way to what.
Heavier than air powered Aircraft.
Airships.
Gliders.
Balloons.
Powered aircraft > airships > glider > balloon
Glider > _____
Balloon
Helicopter > _______
Airships/gliders/balloons
Airships > _____
Gliders
2 Rules when flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome
1- Conform to the pattern of traffic for aircraft intending to land or keep clear of the airspace in which the pattern is formed
2- unless ground signs say otherwise, make all turns to the left
Order of landing
An aircraft landing or on final approach has right of way over _____ or _____
Others in flight or on the surface
Order of Landing
In the case of 2+ aircraft on approach, who has right of way? A)
Unless? B)
A) The aircraft lower
B) ATC has given aircraft number order or priority. Or when PIC is aware another aircraft is in an emergency and at night must not even attempt a landing until further permission
What does ATZ stand for?
Aerodrome Traffic Zone (also in chp 5 airspace)
What must you do when flying in an ATZ?
Maintain appropriate radio communication with the aerodrome authority (ATC, Aerodrome Flight Information, etc)
When following a line feature (railway, coast, road) keep it on your ____ and fly ______ of it
Left. Right
Describe where lights are on an aircraft
On the left is RED, on the right is GREEN. Tail is WHITE
It’s night time, you see red lights flying to your left, are you safe?
Yes, you will pass by
It’s night time, you see red lights on right approaching, are you safe?
No, you may collide.
It’s night time, you see both red and green approaching you, what does this mean?
Aircraft is flying straight towards you
It’s night time, you see both red and green approaching you, what does this mean?
Aircraft is flying straight towards you
It’s night time, you see a distant white light, what does that mean?
You are behind an aircraft
When exactly is night time?
30 mins after sunset and 30 mins before sunrise
What must you do if any of your lights fail?
Do not fly, land immediately, unless ATC authorizes continuation of the flight.
What colour is an anti collision light?
Red flashing light in all directions
Low Flying Prohibitions
What is the 500ft rule?
Aircraft shall not be flown closer than 500ft to any person, vessel, vehicle or structure.
(Except w/ written permission from the CAA)
Low Flying Prohibitions
What is the 1000ft rule?
An aircraft flying over a congested area of a city, town or settlement shall not fly below a height of 1000ft above the highest fixed obstacle within a horizontal radius of 600m of the aircraft.
State the height rules for: Flying over open air assemblies
Aircraft shall not fly over an organised open air assembly of more than 1000 persons below the height of the following:
1) 1000ft or 2) height needed to clear an emergency landing
State the Land Clear rule
An aircraft flying over a congested area shall not fly below a height that would make an emergency landing not possible
State the landing and take off rules for: Flying over open air assemblies
An aircraft shall not land or take off within 1000 meters of an organised, open air assembly of more than 1000 persons except:
1- Aerodrome following CAA rules
2- landing site (not aerodrome) that follows CAA procedures plus written permission of organiser of assembly
What are the rules for captive balloons and kites regarding low flying prohibitions?
They are exempt from the low flying prohibitions
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
What are they for: Landing and taking off?
Any aircraft is exempt from the low flying prohibitions in normal aviation for the purpose of:
1- landing and taking off
2- doing practise approaches and take offs
3- checking nav aids or procedures
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
State what the rules are for: Special VFR flight and notified routes
aircraft shall be exempt from the 1000ft rule if:
a) on a special VFR flight or
b) flying in accordance with procedures on a notified route
or with written permission from the CAA
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
State what the rules are for: glider hill soaring
they are exempt from the 500 ft rule
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
State what the rules are for: balloons and helicopters
Balloon: exempt from 1000ft rule if it is landing
Helicopter: any helicopter flying over congested area shall be exempt from the land clear rule
Example situation:
You are flying over somewhere (day or night) and all of a sudden there are flares being shot up, red and green flashing lights, what does this mean?
it is a signal from the ground, you’re in restricted/dangerous area, and must leave immediately.
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
State what the rules are for: Police Air Operators Certificate
With a police air operators certificate and flying in accordance with procedure, any aircraft is exempt from the 1000ft, 500ft, and open-air assemblies prohibition
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
State what the rules are for: Flying displays
An aircraft taking part in a flying display (race, contest, display) shall be exempt from the 500ft rule as long as it is 1000m away from the people gathering
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
State what the rules are for: Dropping articles
WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE CAA AND FLYING IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATIONS FOR DROPPING ITEMS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH OR FOR AGAINST WEATHER CONDITIONS, any aircraft would be exempt from the 500ft rule.
*They will persecute cases of alleged low flying.
Exemptions from the low flying prohibitions
State what the rules are for: Manoeuvring helicopters
Helicopters are exempt from the 500ft rule when:
1- doing normal manoeuvres at an aerodrome
2- when doing the above they must not fly closer than 60 meters to any building/person/vessel/vehicle outside the aerodrome/site.
What should you do if you encounter terrible weather conditions or find out that the runway you want to land on is unsuitable or that your visibility is quickly deteriorating?
tell ATC immediately
What are the rules for aerobatics?
Only allowed in controlled airspaces with permission of controlling authority
Practise Instrument Approaches
What should you do if you are practising instrument approaches?
a pilot practising in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) must inform ATC and carry a ‘competent observer’
what does VMC stand for?
Visual Meteorological Conditions
What is a simulated instrument flight?
when a pilot is flying an aircraft with their external field of reference artificially restricted
What must you carry when making international flights
to comply with ICAO standards, pilots must carry a copy of procedures to be followed when intercepted found in the CAA GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY SENSE LEAFLET NO.11 INTERCEPTION PROCEDURES
What should you do if intercepted?
1- follow instructions given by intercepting aircraft
2- if possible, notify appropriate Air Traffic Services Unit
3- attempt to establish radio communication or control unit on 121.50 MHz - give callsign and nature of flight
4- squawk code 7700 on transponder unless otherwise instructed
how will you know, in flight, that you have been intercepted?
they will fly in front of and above you and rock their wings then turn left slowly to guide you to their desired heading
how do you tell the intercepting aircraft that: you cant comply?
switch all lights on and off at regular intervals
how do you tell the intercepting aircraft that: you are in distress?
switch all lights on and off at irregular intervals
On the ground, if you are over taking other aircraft, which way do you over take?
Left
