Chapter 2 review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Prokaryotic cells?

List it’s features

A
  1. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria, Archaea and Cyanobacteria.
  2. Features:
    - Prokaryotic cells are single cell.
    - Lacks membrane bound organelles such as nucleus.
    - DNA is located in the nucleoid.
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2
Q

What are Eukaryotic cell?

List it’s features

A
  1. Eukaryotic cells include animals, plants, fungi and protists
  2. Features:
    - More complex than Prokaryotic cells.
    - Contains many membrane bound organelles.
    - DNA is located in the nucleus.
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3
Q

Animal VS Plant cells

A
  • Plant cells differ from animal cells as they have a cell wall, chloroplast and a larger vacuole than animal cells.
  • Animals obtain their food source through plants or consuming other organisms whereas plants obtain their food source through photosynthesis.
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4
Q

Cell theory states:

A
  • All organisms are composed of cells.
  • Cells are made from pre-exiting cell.
  • Cells are the basic organisational unit of life.
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5
Q

What are organic and inorganic compounds?

What are the 4 main organic molecules?

What are the main inorganic substances?

A
  1. Organic compounds are compounds that contain a hydrogen and carbon molecules.
  2. Main types of organic molecules are protein, carbohydrates, Nucleic acids and lipids.
  3. Main inorganic substance is water, nitrogen, minerals.
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6
Q

What are proteins?

Subunits?

List some roles performed by proteins in organisms:

A
  1. Proteins contains polymers of amino acids to form a monomer of a protein.
  2. Roles:
    - Catalyse chemical reactions.
    - Can be used as an energy source.
    - Plays a role in hormones.
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7
Q

What are carbohydrates?

Subunits?

List some roles carbohydrate performs in plants and living organisms:

A
  1. Made out of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  2. Roles
    - Energy source for eukaryotes.
    - Structural component for plants (cellulose).
    - Stores food in starch (plants) and food in glycogen (animals).
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8
Q

What are lipids?

Roles:

What are the two types of lipids? What are they made of?

A
  1. Lipids are fatty substances
  2. Roles
    - Lipids store energy as fats and cholesterol.
    - Fats are converted into energy if food is scarce.
  3. Two types are compound and simple lipids
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