Chapter 2 review Flashcards
1
Q
What are Prokaryotic cells?
List it’s features
A
- Prokaryotic cells include bacteria, Archaea and Cyanobacteria.
- Features:
- Prokaryotic cells are single cell.
- Lacks membrane bound organelles such as nucleus.
- DNA is located in the nucleoid.
2
Q
What are Eukaryotic cell?
List it’s features
A
- Eukaryotic cells include animals, plants, fungi and protists
- Features:
- More complex than Prokaryotic cells.
- Contains many membrane bound organelles.
- DNA is located in the nucleus.
3
Q
Animal VS Plant cells
A
- Plant cells differ from animal cells as they have a cell wall, chloroplast and a larger vacuole than animal cells.
- Animals obtain their food source through plants or consuming other organisms whereas plants obtain their food source through photosynthesis.
4
Q
Cell theory states:
A
- All organisms are composed of cells.
- Cells are made from pre-exiting cell.
- Cells are the basic organisational unit of life.
5
Q
What are organic and inorganic compounds?
What are the 4 main organic molecules?
What are the main inorganic substances?
A
- Organic compounds are compounds that contain a hydrogen and carbon molecules.
- Main types of organic molecules are protein, carbohydrates, Nucleic acids and lipids.
- Main inorganic substance is water, nitrogen, minerals.
6
Q
What are proteins?
Subunits?
List some roles performed by proteins in organisms:
A
- Proteins contains polymers of amino acids to form a monomer of a protein.
- Roles:
- Catalyse chemical reactions.
- Can be used as an energy source.
- Plays a role in hormones.
7
Q
What are carbohydrates?
Subunits?
List some roles carbohydrate performs in plants and living organisms:
A
- Made out of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Roles
- Energy source for eukaryotes.
- Structural component for plants (cellulose).
- Stores food in starch (plants) and food in glycogen (animals).
8
Q
What are lipids?
Roles:
What are the two types of lipids? What are they made of?
A
- Lipids are fatty substances
- Roles
- Lipids store energy as fats and cholesterol.
- Fats are converted into energy if food is scarce. - Two types are compound and simple lipids