Chapter 2 Review Flashcards
The three main types of subatomic particles are ______ , ______, and _______.
protons, neutrons, electrons
___________ atoms usually have no neutrons
Hydrogen
Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as _________
A). matter
B). weight
C). atom
D). energy
A). matter
Generally speaking, an atom is made of a central ______ which is surrounded by orbiting ________.
nucleus, electrons
Subatomic particles called __________ can be found at various distances from the nucleus
electrons
Which of the following are subatomic particles?
A). Protons
B). Neutrons
C). Electrons
D). Orbitals
E). Ions
A. Protons, B). Neutrons, C). Electrons
The atomic number of an element refers to the number of ________ in the atoms of that element.
A). orbitals
B). protons
C). neutrons
D). electrons
B). protons
____________ atoms always have one proton
Hydrogen or H
Atoms of different chemical electrons can be differentiated based on the number of ________.
A). neutrons in the nucleus
B). protons in the nucleus
C). electrons in the outermost shell
D). electrons in all shells
E). orbitals in the outermost shell
B). protons in the nucleus
An atoms is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles?
A). neutrons
B). ions
C). electrons
D). protons
C). electrons
If two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, you can conclude for sure that they ________.
A). are the same isotope
B). have the same atomic mass
C). are atoms of the same element
C). are atoms of the same element
Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons, Neutrons
Atomic number refers to the number of _______ in an atom.
protons
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means is called a(n) ___________.
elements
Atoms of the same element always have the same number of _________ in the nucleus, and this number is unique for that element.
protons
Among subatomic particles, a(n) __________ has a charge of +1, a(n) ____________ has a charge of -1, and a(n) ___________ has no charge.
protons, electrons, neutrons
If two atoms belong to the same element, which of the following must be true?
A). they must have the same number of neutrons
B). they must have the same number of protons
C). they must have the same number of electrons
B). they must have the same number of protons
Subatomic particles called _________ can be found at various distances from the nucleus
electrons
An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. This atom has an atomic number of _____, an atomic mass of ______, and an overall charge of
11; 23; +1
What do we call a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?
A). an element
B). a mixture
C). a compound
D). a solution
A). an element
The atomic mass of an atoms is equal to the sum of the masses of its ____________ and_________.
protons, neutrons
Almost all the mass of an atom is located in the ________.
nucleus
If two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, you can conclude for sure that they _________
A). have the same atomic mass
B). are atoms of the same element
C). are the same isotope
B). are atoms of the same element
Which two particles are the primary determinants of an element’s atomic mass?
Protons, Neutrons
The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the sum of the masses of what particles?
Protons and Neutrons
Which subatomic particles determine the atomic mass of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
Within an atom, where are electrons found?
A). Evenly distributed throughout the atom
B). Concentrated at one end of the atom with the nucleus at the opposite end
C). In the nucleus
D). In orbitals located inside the nucleus
E). In orbitals that surround the nucleus
e). In orbitals that surround the nucleus
An electrically neutral atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14. This atom has ____ protons, ____ neutrons, and ____ electrons.
6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons
Where is most (almost all) of the mass of an atom lcoated?
Nucleus
A neutral atom has no net electrical charge. Why?
A). there are equal numbers of electrons and neutrons in the atom
B). there are equal numbers of protons and neutrons in the atom
C). there are equal numbers of protons and electrons in the atom
D). the atomic mass and the atomic number are equal
C). there are equal numbers of protons and electrons in an atom
Within an atom, _________ and _______ have nearly equal masses, while _________ have a much smaller mass.
protons; neutrons; electrons
An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. This atom has an atomic number of ____, an atomic mass of _________, and an overall charge of
11; 23; +1
Atoms, in which the number of electron does not equal the number of protons, are called ________.
ions
An atom’s electrons are typically found in regions called _______; those regions can be found at varying distances from the nucleus.
orbitals
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to which of the following?
A). the atomic number
B). the atomic mass
C). the atomic number minus the atomic mass
D). the atomic mass minus the atomic number
A). the atomic number
A cation has a net ____ charge, while an anion has a net ____ charge.
positive, negative
If an atom gains or loses a(n) ______, it acquires a net electrical charge and becomes an ion.
electron
Within an atom, where are electrons found?
A). evenly distributed throughout the atom
B). in the nucleus
C). in orbitals that surround the nucleus
D). concentrated at one end of the atom with the nucleus at the opposite end
E). in orbitals located inside the nucleus
C). in orbitals that surround the nucleus
A sodium atom that has lost an electron and has an overall positive charge is an example of which of the following?
Cation
C12, C13, and C14 are examples of different _______.
Isotopes
Atoms with a net negative charge are known as _______, whereas atoms with a net positive charge are known as ____________.
anions, cations
Which of the following defines isotopes that are unstable and tend to break apart into elements with lower atomic numbers while releasing a significant amount of energy?
A). Electronegative
B). Molecular
C). Radioactive
C). Radioactive
Atoms, in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, are called ______.
ions
A chlorine atom that has gained an electron and has an overall negative charge is an example of a(n) ____________.
anion
During radioactive decay, an atom typically breaks up into elements with which of the following?
Lower atomic numbers
C12, C13, and C14 are
A). different molecules which contain different amounts of C
B). different elements of the same isotope
C). different isotopes of the same element
C). different isotopes of the same element
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number and configuration of its _________.
electrons
__________ isotopes, such as C14, are unstable and tend to break apart into elements with lower atomic numbers while releasing a significant amount of energy.
Radioactive or Radio
Chemical reactions that involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another are called ________ reactions.
redox, reduction-oxidation, or oxidation-reduction
How are ions formed?
Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain one or more electrons
When a larger atom breaks apart into smaller atoms, along with the release of a significant amount of energy, this is referred to as which of the following?
A). Ionization
B). Dissociation
C). Radioactive decay
D). Ionic decay
Radioactive decay
Valence electrons and their interactions determine the ____ properties of an element.
chemical
The number and configuration of electrons determines an element’s ____.
A). chemical properties
B). isotopic properties
C). radioactivity
chemical properties
This question refers to elements in the main groups of the periodic table. According to the octet rule, if an atom’s first energy level is the outermost shell then it is stable with ____ electrons and if an atom has any other energy level as its outermost shell then it is stable ____ electrons.
two, eight
Redox reactions involve a transfer of _____ from one atom to another.
electrons
Atoms, in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, are called
ions
Four most abundant elements in living organism
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Where are the valence electrons found?
In the outermost energy level only
Atoms are chemically the most stable when which of the following occurs?
A). their outer shell is full
B). they have six electrons in their outermost shell
C). they reside in the middle of the periodic table
D). neutrons and electrons are in equal numbers
A). Their outer shell is full
Chemical reactions that involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another are called ______ reactions.
oxidation-reduction, redox, reduction-oxidation
A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association is called which of the following?
A). molecule
B). ion
C). isotope
D). crystal
A). molecule
Sharing of electrons is what type of bond or interaction
Covalent bond
Attraction between oppositely charged atoms is which type of bond or interaction/
Ionic bond
The attraction between a covalently bound H atom with a slight positive charge and another covalently bound atom wit a slight negative charge is which type of bond or interaction?
Hydrogen bond
Nonpolar regions of molecules are forced together in order to minimize contact with water molecules which type of bond or interaction?
Hydrophobic interaction
Weak attraction between atoms due to oppositely polarized electron clouds is with water molecules is which type of bond or interaction
Van der Waals attraction
Elements, such as zinc and iodine, which are found in very small amounts in living things, but play crucial roles in biological processes, are known as which of the following?
A). trace elements
B). essential elements
C). inorganic elements
A). trace elements
