Chapter 2 - Respiration and Photosynthesis Flashcards
What does the stomata do?
They allow gases such as carbon dioxide and oxgen to move in and out of the cell
What is the purpose of the waxy cuticles?
They prevent water loss
What are the raw materials of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water == light energy/chlorophyll ==> glucose + oxygen
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
How does light intensity impact photosynthesis?
If there is more light, the faster the rate of photosynthesis occurs
How does carbon dioxide concentration impact photosynthesis?
The more concentrated the carbon dioxide, the more photosynthesis occurs
What other components are needed for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
What is a limiting factor?
A factor that controls how quickly photosynthesis and so limits the rate
What happens to plant enzymes in temperatures above 45C?
They begin to break down or denature.
How do guard cells help the process of photosynthesis?
The guard cells allow gas exchange and control the opening and the closing of the stomata
What is denaturing?
- when an enzyme stops functioning
- changing the shape of the protein
What can glucose be used for?
- Energy is broken down to turn other sugars into amino acids which build up proteins
- Respiration
- Stored as starch (in leaves, seeds, and roots)
- Energy stored as sucrose (in fruit)
- Make cellulose in cell walls (main structural material)
- Make fats and oils (stored in seeds)
- Growth, Repair, Replace damaged parts
How do palisade cells help the process of photosynthesis?
They contain choloroplasts which is where photosynthesis occurs and is located at the top of the leaf to attract sunlight
What is osmosis?
The movement of water through cell membranes dependent on the concentration of solutes. Water moves from low concentrations of solutes to high concentration of solutes.
Give the conditions necessary for photosynthesis…
Suitable temperature range The availability of water The availability of carbon dioxide Amount of sunlight Amount of chlorophyll in the plant
Why is osmosis counterintutive to our knowledge of diffusion?
In this case, the WATER is moving from low concentration of solutes to high concentration of solutes
Explain the plant structure ( eg. the leaves and their structure and so on)
The leaves are the main site of photosynthesis, glucose is produced here, carbon dioxide enters here and oxygen leaves here.
The flowers are the reproductive organs and they attract pollinators.
The stem gives structure and carries water and minerals as well as transferring the glucose.
The roots absorb the water and minerals.
What is a HYPOtonic solution?
A hypotonic solution has a low concentration of solutes outside the cell. and has a high concentration inside the cell.
What is a ISOtonic solution?
A solution that has the same amount of solutes on the in and outside of the cell.
What is a HYPERtonic solution?
A solution has a high concentration of solutes outside the cell.
What happens to a plant cell in a HYPOtonic solution?
The cell will absorb the water and become turgid.
What happens to a plant cell in a HYPERtonic solution?
The cell membrane separates from the cell wall (plasmolysis) as water is leaving the cell.
What happens to animal cell in a HYPOtonic solution?
The cell will take in a lot of water, causing it to lyse (burst).
What happens to an animal cell in a HYPERtonic solution?
The cell loses water so it shrivels and cannot function
same
Where in a cell does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplasts
What is the formula for RESPIRATION?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
C6H12O6+O2→CO2+H2O(+energy)
How do plants release energy from glucose?
Respiration
What colours the plant green?
Chloroplasts/chlorophyll
