Chapter 2-Research Methods

Question 1

What is the foundation of sociological study?

Answer 1

Empirical research

Question 2

Empirical evidence is…

Answer 2

evidence that comes rom direct experience, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation

Question 3

Meta analysis

Answer 3

results of all previous studies combined and evaluated together.

(Hypothesis educated guess about predicted outcomes between two variables)

Question 4

The scientific method as follows…

Answer 4

1. Question
2. research existing sources
3. formulate hypothesis
4. design and conduct study
5. draw conclusions
6. report results/ share data

Question 5

reliability

Answer 5

how likely results are to be replicated if the study os reproduced

Question 6

validity

Answer 6

how well a study measures what it was trying to measure

Question 7

operational definitions define..

Answer 7

the concept in terms of the physical and concrete steps it takes to objectively measure it

Question 8

Operational definition MUST BE

Answer 8

valid, appropriate, meaningful

Question 9

Research of similar and related studies is called a

Answer 9

literature review

Question 10

In a hypothesis what is the independent variable

Answer 10

the variable that causes the change ie what the resarcher controls

Question 11

in a hypothesis what is the dependent variable

Answer 11

the variable that is changed ie what the researcher does not control

Question 12

What is the Hawthorne Effect

Answer 12

people change their behavior when they know they are being observed

Question 13

what kind of analysis uses existing sources

Answer 13

secondary data analysis

Question 14

what collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions

Answer 14

survey

Question 15

what does a survey target

Answer 15

a specific population/sample

Question 16

research that is collected in numerical form and can be counted is an example of

Answer 16

quantitative data

Question 17

opinions are an example of ______ data

Answer 17

qualitative

Question 18

Interview

Answer 18

1 on 1 conversation between the researcher and the subject

Question 19

What the fuck is Field Research

Answer 19

FR refers to the gathering primary data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or survey. Mostly observations; purpose to observe behaviors in a setting. Data based on correlation.

Question 20

Researchers joining and participating in the groups they are studying is called…

Answer 20

participant observaition

Question 21

Ethnography

Answer 21

extended observations of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting

Question 22

Institutional Ethnography

Answer 22

feminist approach to social analysis and primarily considers women’s experiences in a male dominated society., coined by Dorothy E Smith

Question 23

In depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual

Answer 23

a mother fuckin case study

Question 24

What exactly IS an experiment?

Answer 24

experiments investigate relationships to test a hypothesis

Question 25

non-reactive data is data that…

Answer 25

does not include direct contact with the subjects and will not alter or influence peoples behaviors. (Secondary data analysis)

Question 26

Max Weber (1864-1920)

Answer 26

established value of neutrality, a practice of remaining impartial without bias or judgement.

Question 27

Common sense vs research

Answer 27

common sense= vague, contradictory, over simplified, unreliable
research= specific, qualities assertions, based on e. data, and is reliable

Question 28

population in samples/basic statistics

Answer 28

population refers to the people that the sociologist wishes to study

Question 29

sample in population/basic statistics

Answer 29

a sample is a part of a population, selected to give information about the population as a whole.

Question 30

Unbiased sampling methods (not shit, do these)

Answer 30

Systematic sampling, simple random sampling, stratified random sampling

Question 31

biased sampling methods (shit, dont do them)

Answer 31

convenience sampling, self-selective sampling, cluster sampling

Question 32

What is systematic sampling

Answer 32

unbiased method. every nth # of population selected

Question 33

What is simple random sampling

Answer 33

unbiased method. Every member of the population has an equal change of getting selected

Question 34

What is stratified random sampling

Answer 34

unbiased method. population is divided into categories that are considered important for the study & separate but random samples are then taken from each category.

Question 35

What is a convenience sample

Answer 35

biased method of sampling. Quick and easy for the researcher, but not representative of the whole. (Basically asking the first 10 people you see on the street to participate, or 10 of your neighbors.)

Question 36

Self-selective sampling is…

Answer 36

when the population provides information by volunteering their opinions- generally leads to a bias of data. biased method of sampling.

Question 37

Cluster sampling is done when

Answer 37

a particular segment of the population is sampled. biased method.