Chapter 2 - Reconnaissance

Question 1

DNS SOA Source Host

Answer 1

Hostname of the primary DNS server for the zone (there should be an associated NS record for this as well).

Question 2

DNS SOA Contact e-mail

Answer 2

E-mail address of the person responsible for the zone file.

Question 3

DNS SOA Serial Number

Answer 3

Revision number of the zone file. This number increments each time the zone file changes and is used by a secondary server to know when to update its copy (if the Serial Number is higher than that of the secondary, it’s time to update!).

Question 4

DNS SOA Refresh time

Answer 4

The amount of time a secondary DNS server will wait before asking for updates. The default value is 3600 seconds (1 hour)

Question 5

DNS SOA Retry time

Answer 5

The amount of time a secondary server will wait to rety if the zone transfer fails. The default value is 600 seconds.

Question 6

DNS SOA Expire time

Answer 6

The maximum amount of time a secondary server will spend trying to complete a zone transfer. The default value is 86400 seconds (1 day).

Question 7

DNS SOA TTL

Answer 7

The minimum “time to live” for all records in the zone. If not updated by a zone transfer, the records will perish. The default value is 3600 seconds (1 hour).

Question 8

Anonymous Footprinting

Answer 8

where you try to obscure the source of all this information gathering.

Question 9

Pseudonymous Footprinting

Answer 9

Making someone else take the blame for your actions of Information Gathering.

Question 10

Active Footprinting

Answer 10

Requires the attacker to touch the device, network, resource.

Question 11

Passive Footprinting

Answer 11

Collecting information from publicly available resources.

Question 12

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Answer 12

The organization that originally started with IP Address management.