Chapter 2 - Quiz Review Flashcards
champa rice
Vietnam rice that China adopted to fuel their agriculture industry and feed their growing and urbanizing population.
Hangzhou
Capital of the song dynasty
Grand Canal
Waterways that connected China and allowed for trade
foot binding
A practice where young girls would have their feet tied up, often resulting in immense pain and broken toes. This is significant because it shows the changing perception of femininity in the Song dynasty, now valuing female weakness and fragility.
tribute/tributary
Korea and Vietnam offered tribute to China in exchange for their independence and peace.
samurai
Japanese warrior class, contrasts confucianism’s intellectual values
bushido
”The way of the warrior”
Seljuk Turks
An empire during the same time as Abbasid and Ottoman, made up of Turkish people. Its significant because it spread Islam and adopted muslim terms such as “sultar” for their leaders, showing cross-cultural connection.
Ottoman Empire
United the Islamic world, North Africa, and Eastern Europe, had a Christian population as well as Muslim
Andean societies
Influenced Inca culture
Sultanate of Delhi
Muslim rule in india
al-Andalus
Spanish word for Spain
Silk Road
Elaborate trade routes connecting the West and the East
Swahili
African city-states that combined African and Islmaic culture
Constantinople
Capital of the Ottoman empire and the Byzantine empire
Caesaropapism
When the head of the state is also the head of the church (Byzantium and Eastern Orthodox Christianity)
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Branch of Chritsianity that doesn’t follow the pope, Byzantium
Kievan Rus
Ukraine and Russians, adopted Eastern Orthodox after the Byzantines to unite themselves and establish connections
Roman Catholic Church
Connected the west, initiated the crusades
Crusades
”Holy wars” initiated by Western catholicism
European Renaissance
Europeans began to value intellectualism again, going back to greek and roman philosophers for guidance
Maya
Collection of city-states in mesoamerica
Tenochtitlan
Capital of the Mayan empire
chinampas
Artificial islands made by the Aztecs for farming
mita
Inca labor service
What role did Confucianism play in the political development of China during the post-classical period (include the context of Tang, as well as the Song period).
Confusiansim created stricter patriarchal roles for women, and caused the implementation of the meritocracy (merit-based social mobility)
Explain how China’s economic revolution was perpetuated by population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. How did this bring the Song dynasty into a golden age? Include evidence of innovations that were developed during this period.
China’s economic revolution was caused by population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. This is because more people allowed for more manufacturing of various products for trade, stimulating their economy and bringing the Song dynasty into the golden age. During this period innovations include gunpowder and paper. CHAMPA RICE, EDUCATION FROM PAPER BOOKS
How was the patriarchy strengthened during the Song dynasty?
The patriarchy was strengthened by Confucianism’s strict roles. This can be reflected in foot binding, a practice where young girls’ feet were tightly wrapped to make them smaller and more feminine, causing intense pain and often broken bones.
Evaluate the similarities and differences between the relationships China had with Korea and Vietnam. What did China gain, and how did they influence these neighboring regions?
Both Korea and Vietnam offered gifts to China in exchange for their autonomy, however Korea considered themselves as completely independent while Vietnam regarded themselves as extensions of China. Both countries did receive major influences from China, for example Chinese misogyny bled into Korean elites, and Vietnam adopted China’s meritocracy.
Explain the “selective borrowing” that Japan employed in their relationship with China. Include evidence of what was borrowed and how it was implemented in Japan.
Selective borrowing in Japan occurred when Japan chose things from China to implement into their own government. For example they adopted China’s political structure
How did Japan’s political structure and values differ from those of China?
Their warrior class (samurai) contrasts sharply with China’s intellectual values that stem from confucianism
The Abbasids weren’t the only Muslim state to exist in the Middle East in this period. What role did the Seljuks and Ottomans play in the political development of the region?
The seljuk turks adopted many muslim words/customs, spreading Islam into larger territories. Ottomans brough greater political unity into the Islamic world.
What was the significance of Cordoba (Spain) to the spread of Islam and interactions with Europe?
It facilitated cross-cultural communication and brought Islamic heritage/ knowledge to the West
Why was the Delhi Sultanate able to control northern India politically but not culturally?
Because Hinduism was still at the cultural center of Indian Identity
What role did Sufi missionaries play in integrating Islam into the Hindu and Buddhist culture of the region?
Hindus and Buddhists respect men of religion (separate from politics)
How might the geography of the Byzantine Empire help explain why the empire flourished for 1000 years after the collapse of the western Roman Empire?
They were situated with access to sea and land routes allowing them to trade with many empires which stimulate their economy.
Describe the relationship between the Byzantine emperor and the Eastern Christian Church.
Caesaropapism- the head of Byzantium was also the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church
How did cultural diffusion occur between the Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus? (use specific examples to support)
Architecture, Alphabet, Religion
Explain how feudalism functioned in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. How was this a decentralized form of government?
It was comprised of nobility and serfs, no central government
How was the Roman Catholic Church the only unifying institution in Western Europe?
Europe was politically fragmented into separate countries ruled by their own nobility, so Roman catholicism was the only thing connecting them
What agricultural breakthroughs did Europe experience during the Middle Ages? What was the impact of these breakthroughs on Europe’s population and urban development?
Technology and innovation in machinery allowed higher amounts of manufacturing
What impact did the Crusades have on the Islamic World? On Western Europe?
It had little long-term impact on the Middle world, but it divided catholicism and deepened anti-semitism
What features of the Maya civilization distinguish it from other American cultures?
It was a collection of city-states rather than a central ruler
Compare and contrast the social, political, economic and cultural developments of the Aztec and Incan Empires.
The Incan empire had caesaropapism (their ruler of the state was also their religious ruler) while the Aztec leader also controlled their wars. Both the Aztecs and the Incas had smaller governors who paid taxes and/or work to the central government
