Chapter 2: Psychology as a Science

Question 1

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 1

reasoning proceeding from broad basic principles applied to specific situations

Question 2

biases

Answer 2

distorted beliefs on a persons subjective sense of reality

Question 3

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 3

reasoning process proceeding from small specific situations to more general truths

Question 4

Empirical

Answer 4

able to be tested

Question 5

Theories

Answer 5

ideas on how to govern a phenomena

Question 6

Hypothetico-deductive Reasoning

Answer 6

educated - guess, then set a observation to support the hypothesis

Question 7

Empirical Evidence

Answer 7

is that which is obtained through study, research, and observation

Question 8

Hawthorne effect

Answer 8

naturalist observation, what happens when people change there behaviour when they are being watched

Question 9

Perfect Correlation

Answer 9

one in which two variables are exactly related

Question 10

Descriptive statistics

Answer 10

statistics used to determine and summarize data

Question 11

Inferential Statistics

Answer 11

statistics used top draw conclusions about data

Question 11

Inferential Statistics

Answer 11

statistics used top draw conclusions about data

Question 12

Histogram

Answer 12

a bar chart showing the number of times a specific data point falls into a range

Question 13

Frequency polygon

Answer 13

A line graph depicted a grouped frequency, which is created by connecting the midpoint of each data

Question 14

Normal Distribution

Answer 14

a symmetrical, bell shaped curve

Question 15

Positive Skewed Distribution

Answer 15

most values occur at the lower end

Question 16

Neg. Skewed Distribution

Answer 16

most values occur at the upper end

Question 17

Operational

Answer 17

a description of something on terms of operation by which it would be measured or observed.

Question 18

What is Science?

Answer 18

the universe operates according to certain natural law, such laws are discoverable and testable

Question 19

The Scientific Method

Answer 19

the process of logical reasoning derived from philosophy

Question 20

Who was the first question deductive reasoning?

Answer 20

Sir Francis Bacon

Question 21

What did bacon believe we should use?

Answer 21

Inductive reasoning