Chapter 2- Production Flashcards
What are the four methods of production
Job, flow, batch and just in time
What is job production
What are the advantages (6)
What are the disadvantages (3)
A single product is produced from start to finish to the consumers exact wants and needs
Unique products, higher job satisfaction levels, quality is better, based on customers order, the job isn’t boring, takes advantage of economies of sale
Expensive, labour intensive, time consuming
What is batch production
What are the advantages (5)
What are the disadvantages (4)
Produces a number of similar products
Workers may specialise on some degree, labour costs are reduced so final product price is lower, machinery may be used, production is faster, takes advantages of sales of economy
The work is less interesting and repetitive, takes time to change over batches, more space is required for working and storage, larger stocks of materials must be kept
What is flow production
What are the advantages (6)
What are the disadvantages (6)
Also known as mass production or assembly line production, a product is passed along an assemble line from a raw material to be ready to be sold.
Uses machines so less labour intensive, of moderate quality, final price is cheaper because of low labour costs, assembly lines can run continuously, production is fast, takes full advantage of sales of economy
Work is repetitive, no skill needed, need storage for raw materials and products, employee motivation is low, products are identical, loss of traditional skills
What is just in time production
What are the advantages (5)
What are the disadvantages (4)
Uses stocks that are delivered to the production line just in time to be used
Capital is used very effectively, do not need storage for raw materials, no waste by having an excess inventory, finished product should be cheaper for the consumer to buy
Very dependent on having an efficient ordering system, production could be halted if the wrong goods are delivered at the last moment, puts pressure on suppliers, company and suppliers must work closely together
What is CAD
Computer aided design, which assists in the designing and the drafting of the product
What is CAM
Computer aided manufacture, use of computer to assist in the actual manufacturing of the product, to control, monitor and adjust the tools and machinery
What are examples of technology in services (5)
Store card Online banking Self service checkout Mobile phone, email, video conferencing etc. Internet
What are the advantages of technology
Faster, more accurate than people doing the job, cheaper to run, quality, motivation, increased production, higher customer satisfaction
What are the disadvantages of technology
Retraining costs
Possible redundancies
Capital costs
What is quality assurance
What are the advantages of it (3)
Trying to prevent faults happening, right the first time, zero defects, every stage of the production process is checked for quality
Employee motivation is higher because they are involved in quality, reduced wasted money due to reduced amount of wastage, reduces the amount of faulty products
What are the four quality standards
Customer service excellence standard
ISO 9001
EFQM
investors in people
What is Customer service excellence standard
Who was it developed by
Who is it rewarded to
What is it based on (getting the reward)
Developed by the government to make sure plc companies run efficiently and effectively
Public companies, highest quality, public is the top priority
Delivery of service, is it on time, level of information available to customer, professionalism, staff attitude, understanding of the customers experience, constant measurement of the service
What is ISO 9001
What does it focus on
International standard organisation
How it trains staff, checks products and services are correct, handles mistakes, improves products or services
What is EFQM
What is its aim
What does their criteria include
European foundation for quality management
To encourage European businesses to improve their standards
Leadership, people, customer results
What does investors in people do
Focuses on the people who work in the business
Makes sure they get proper training
What are the advantages of quality assurance
Improves efficiency, productivity, brand image
Reduces errors and costs
Give example of the factors influencing location
Land, labour, raw materials, services, proximity to markets, tradition, personal choice, competition, government, car parking, transport, technology, communications, housing, safety, employment
Why might … be an influencing factor for the location of a business
Land
Labour
Raw materials
Competition, central, planning restrictions, room for expansion
High unemployment= wages are lower, another reasons eg. High tech industries close to Cambridge university
Mines, quarries, forestry, easy access
Why might ... be an influencing factor for the location of a business Services Competition Transport Government
Electricity, water, waste disposal, telephone, drainage, therefore cheaper and less time consuming
Business will not want a lot of competition
To be able to obtain their raw materials, airports, English Channel
The government will offer advanced factories at reduced rates, grants and tax relief, industrial estates, attract foreign investment if we set up in an unemployed area
What are some of the social and environmental considerations for a location
Employment
Quality of life and beauty of landscape
Global warming and pollution
Increased traffic
Why should we consider these social and environmental considerations when picking a location for a business
Employment
Global warming and pollution
Increased traffic
Increased income means greater income for local shops and promotes better standard of living in the area
Noise and litter
Creates congestion, increased likelihood of accidents, causes damages to road surfaces and pollution from fuel emissions from vehicles
What are the employers responsibilities
To provide a safe working environment
Provide facilities for employees
Carry out regular cleaning and waste removal
Provide health and safety training
What are the responsibilities of employees
Take care of each other’s health and safety
Wear protective clothing
Be conscious of health and safety issues
Take care of their own health and safety
Use all equipment carefully
What are the costs of health and safety legislation
Increased purchasing costs for clothing and equipment, carry out risk assessments, provide specialised training
What are the benefits of health and safety legislation
Reduce staff absentee rates as a result of lower accident rates
Increased staff motivation
Reduced risk of employees making compensation claims against them
