Chapter 2 pre-test

Question 1

Which of the following have scholars advanced as a possible explanation for the emergence of patriarchy in the First Civilizations?

Answer 1

Emergence of large-scale warfare with professionally led armies

Question 2

Which of the following provided the primary economic foundation for civilization?

Answer 2

Agriculture

Question 3

Which of the following has been advanced as a possible explanation for the origins of the First Civilizations?

Answer 3

The need to organize large-scale irrigation projects

Question 4

The rulers of the First Civilizations often drew their power from their roles as

Answer 4

high priests.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of how social class affected gender roles?

Answer 5

Women from the upper classes were expected to stay at home, while women from the lower classes had to go out in public to work.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a way that rulers in the First Civilizations displayed their power?

Answer 6

Constructing temples

Question 7

A major first civilization that emerged around 2200 B.C.E. in central Asia along the Oxus or Amu Darya river in what is now northern Afghanistan. An important focal point for a Eurasian-wide system of intellectual and cultural exchange, it faded away about 1700 B.C.E

Answer 7

Central Asian/Oxus civilization

Question 8

The most famous extant literary work from ancient Mesopotamia, it tells the story of one man’s quest for immortality

Answer 8

Epic of Gilgamesh

Question 9

An early civilization that developed along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico around 1200 B.C.E.

Answer 9

Olmec civilization

Question 10

The largest city of ancient Mesopotamia.

Answer 10

Uruk

Question 11

South Asian civilization that apparently generated no temples, palaces, elaborate caves, kings, or warrior classes. Archaeological evidence provides little indication of a political hierarchy or centralized state, yet many features of this civilization persist to the present

Answer 11

Indus Valley civilization

Question 12

Name at least three elements that a civilization must have in order to produce monumental works on the scale of the Mesopotamian ziggurats or Egyptian pyramids.

Answer 12

A large labor force
A leader with the power and authority to compel labor
An assured food supply for the workers, who cannot produce their own food while working
Building materials
An ideology that makes monumental architecture desirable, with emphasis on grandeur and the belief that gods are entitled to or may demand such structures

Question 13

Name at least three features typical of a king in one of the First Civilizations

Answer 13

Gave authority to the state
Monumental architecture
Elaborate clothing
Magnificent burials
Claim of divinity or divine approval

Question 14

Identify the different social classes in the First Civilizations, and give specific examples of people within each class.

Answer 14

Upper classes: rulers and the royal family, nobles, high-ranking officials
Free commoners: artisans, lower-level officials, soldiers, police, servants, farmers
Slaves: prisoners of war, criminals, debtors

Question 15

Comparative Analysis: Compare and contrast life in a Neolithic village to life in a city in one of the First Civilizations.

Answer 15

Size of population
Occupation of inhabitants
Issues of social status
Government and ceremony Defense
Issues of gender equality or inequality