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Sec2 Geography > Chapter 2 - Population > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Population Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Population growth”?

A

Change in population size.

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2
Q

What is “Positive population growth”?

A

Increase in population size.

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3
Q

What is “Negative population growth”?

A

Decrease in population size.

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4
Q

Instances where there is no change in population numbers is known as??

A

Zero population growth.

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5
Q

What is “Population explosion”?

A

Rapid increase in population.

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6
Q

How many people are there in the world right now?

A

6.5 billion people.

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7
Q

How many people will there be in the world by 2050?

A

9 billion people.

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8
Q

Who made the estimation of 9 billion people by 2050?

A

The United Nations.

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9
Q

What is the average increase of population per year, according to UN’s estimation?

A

59 million people per year.

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10
Q

Describe the change in world population from the 19th century to the present.

A

Before 1850: world population grew slowly. From 1850 to 1900s: began to grow more quickly. After 1950: increased at a rapid rate.

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11
Q

Give two factors that affect world population growth rate.

A
  1. Rise in birth rates. 2. Fall in death rates.
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12
Q

What is the meaning of “Birth Rate”?

A

The number of live births per 1000 people per year.

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13
Q

What is the meaning of “Death Rate”?

A

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

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14
Q

How do you calculate “Rate of Natural Increase”?

A

Subtract the death rate from the birth rate.

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15
Q

What is the meaning of “Positive Rate of Natural Increase”?

A

There are more births than deaths, therefore the country experiences an increase in population.

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16
Q

What is the meaning of “Negative Rate of Natural Increase”?

A

There are more deaths than births, therefore the country experiences an decrease in population.

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17
Q

How many babies are born in the world with every passing second?

A

Three babies per second.

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18
Q

Why is the world’s population growing rapidly?

A

Because the number of births generally exceeds the number of deaths.

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19
Q

Give some reasons why peopleare able to live longer.

A
  1. Better medical and health care. 2. Improved hygiene. 3. Increased food supply due to advances in technology.
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20
Q

Are world’s population evenly spread out on the Earths land surface?

A

No. Only 10 % of the Earth’s land surface is populated. It is not evenly spread out within the populated area.

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21
Q

What factors influence population distribution?

A
  1. Physical environment. 2. Level of Technology.
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22
Q

Why does physical environment influence population distribution?

A

People tend to live in - areas with fertile soil and - where the climate is not extreme.

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23
Q

Give 2 examples of fertile areas.

A
  1. River deltas, the soil is very fertile due to sediments deposited by the rivers. Examples: Nile Delta in Egypt, Ganges River Delta between India and Bangladesh. 2. Bases of volcanoes, volcanic ash provides fertile soil for growing crops.
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24
Q

What kind of climates are not favourable for the cultivation of crops, and not suitable for human beings to settle in?

A
  1. Too hot. 2. Too cold. 3. Too dry.
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25
What is technology?
Knowledge, skills and tools that people use to meet their needs.
26
How does level of technology influence population distribution?
With improvements in technology, environments which were previously unsuitable for living can be converted into suitable living environments.
27
What does "Population Density" tell you?
Gives an idea of the number of people living in a particular area.
28
What is the formula for Population Density?
Total nmber of people / Total Land Area.
29
What is the unit for "Population Density"?
People per km2.
30
Why population density does not tell us about the actual number of people in an are of the country?
Because even within a country, people are not evenly distributed and some region (e.g. cities) are more crowded than others (e.g. deserts and forests).
31
Which countries are experiencing the fastest population growth in the world today?
Less developed countries.
32
What is the meaning of "Less Developed Countries"?
Countries with low levels of economic wealth and poor living conditions.
33
Where are these "Less Developed Countries" located mostly?
Such countries are found in Africa, South America, and some parts of Asia.
34
Explain how India is experiencing a population explosion.
India's population rose from 360 million in 1950 to over one billion in 2004.
35
What is a population pyramid?
A graph that gives us information about: - the number or percentage of people in different age groups, and - the proportion of males to females in a place.
36
What does the vertical scale in a population pyramid tells us?
The age group of the population.
37
What does the horizontal scale represents in a population pyramid?
The percentage or the total number of people within that age group.
38
What will be the shape of the population pyramid of a country where the population is growing rapidly will have what
A triangular-shaped population pyramid, with a broad base. - Many more your people than elderly people. - Few people can expect to live up to 80.
39
What age groups are considered as youths and children in a population pyramid?
Age 0 - 14.
40
What age groups are considered as working population in a population pyramid?
Age 15 - 59.
41
What age groups are considered as the elderly age group?
Age 60 - 80+
42
What are required for a population to increase rapidly?
1. Low death rate. | 2. High birth rate.
43
Give 2 factors that lead to a low death rate.
1. Better medical and health care. | 2. Better hygiene.
44
What are things that relate to medical care?
The availability of: - hospitals - clinics - doctors - medical equipment - medicine - medical knowledge.
45
What are things that relate to health care?
- immunisation - nutritional knowledge - the availability of community hospitals - other measures aimed at improving quality of life.
46
What is "Infant Mortality Rate"?
The number of deaths among infants under one year of age for every 1000 live births per year.
47
What is "Life Expectancy"?
The average number of years a person living in a particular area is expected to live.
48
What happens when people enjoy a longer life expectancy?
Death rate will fall.
49
What will happen to people when their living conditions are clean and hygienic?
They will be less prone to falling sick and contracting diseases.
50
Give two hygienic reasons for decreased death rate in many countries.
1. Supply of clean water. | 2. The environment is clear of disease-carrying pests and insects.
51
Give four factors that lead to a high birth rate.
1. Lack of family planning. 2. Early marriages. 3. Preference for sons. 4. Need for farm labour.
52
What is "Family Planning"?
It refers to how many children a couple pans to have.
53
Give some reasons why people in less developed countries end up having many children.
1. People are less educated and know little about family planning methods. 2. Deep-rooted traditional beliefs and values, or religious beliefs.
54
Explain why in countries where people marry young, the birth rates tend to be high.
This is because the number of years that women who marry early have for childbearing is higher.
55
Give some reasons why some societies place a lot of importance on having sons.
1. Sons are seen as being capable of carrying on the family name / surname. 2. Sons are able to continue working on the farm when the parent grow old. Daughters will move away from the family when they get married.
56
Give five consequences of a high rate of population growth.
1. Higher demand for resources. 2. Higher demand for housing. 3. Higher demand for education. 4. Higher demand for jobs. 5. Environmental problems.
57
Why many "less developed countries" suffer from shortage of food?
There is not enough food being produced to feed the rapidly growing population.
58
Give one reason why not everyone will be able to attend school and obtain a good education in "Less Developed Countries"?
That is because "Less Developed Countries" may lack the funds to build more schools.
59
Give two actions countries adopt to control high rate of population growth.
1. Education on family planning. | 2. Incentives and penalties.
60
Which countries experience the slowest population growth today?
Developed Countries.
61
What are "Developed Countries"?
Countries with high levels of economic wealth and living conditions.
62
Give two examples of "Developed Countries".
Japan and the United Kingdom.
63
What will be the shape of the population pyramid of a country where the population is growing slowly?
A beehive-shaped population pyramid. The number of youth and children are decreasing as people are having less children. Many people can expect to live up to 80+.
64
Give two causes of a low rate of population growth.
1. Low death rate. | 2. Low birth rate.
65
Give three factors that lead to a low death rate.
1. Higher standards of hygiene. 2. Better nutrition. 3. Better medical and health care.
66
Give three factors that lead to a low birth rate.
1. Later marriages. 2. Fewer marriages. 3. Preference for smaller families.
67
Explain why later marriages lead to low birth rate.
Most women cannot conceive babies after they reach the age of 50, therefore those who marry later or delay having children are left with fewer years to have babies.
68
Give one reason for later marriages.
1. Women now have higher academic qualifications than before, and thus may choose to pursue a career before settling down and having children.
69
Explain why more people in developed countries prefer to have smaller families.
1. Increasing number of working women find it difficult to balance work and family and hence choose to have fewer children. 2. More people today feel that the cost of raising children has increased.
70
Give three consequences of a low rate of population growth.
1. Ageing population. 2. Higher taxes. 3. Smaller talent pool.
71
What is the meaning of "Ageing Population"?
There is a growing percentage of elderly people compared to young people in their population.
72
Give three examples of countries that have ageing population.
France, Germany, and Japan.
73
What will be the shape of the population pyramid of an ageing population?
Heavy on the top and slim at the bottom.
74
Explain why low rate of population growth lead to higher taxes?
With shrinking population, fewer people will be in the workforce. This will mean that each working person will have to pay more taxes to fund public projects.
75
Give four actions countries are adopting to manage a low rate of population growth.
1. Encouraging marriage and childbearing. 2. Meeting the needs of the elderly. 3. Extending working life. 4. Encouraging financial planning.

Sec2 Geography (1 decks)

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