Chapter 2 : Population Flashcards
What is life expectancy?
It is the average number of years a person can be expected to live for.
Why is the population distribution so uneven? Give 3 Reasons and explain.
Climate - some regions might be too cold to live in, such as Antarica, and some regions may be too hot and dry to live in, such as the Sahara desert.
Rivers - People need water for drinking and to grow crops. It is more convenient to live near a river as there is easya acess to water.
Natural Resources - It is easier to find certain resources in some areas rather than others.
Why is the population growing?
- There are more births than deaths each year due to natural increase.
- There are more immigrants moving in from other countries over emmigrants moving out of the country.
What is fertility rate?
It is the average number of children per woman.
Name 3 more econonomically developed countries.
England, America, Japan
Name 3 less economically developed countries.
Bangladesh, India, Kenya
What is natural increase?
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, leading to the population growing.
What is natural decrease?
When the birth rate is lower than the death rate, leading to the population decreasing.
What is overpopulation?
When an region has too many people with not enough resources to support.
What is underpopulation?
When a region has too little people to make full use of it’s resources.
What is population density?
It is the number of people per square kilometre.
What is migration?
The movement of people from one area to another.
What is immigration?
The movement of people from one area to live permanently in another area.
What is aging population?
The increasing porportion of elderly individuals.
State and explain 3 causes of an aging population.
- Increased life expencancy: Healthcare and living onciditons have improved, increasing the life expencancy.
- Improvemnt in healthcare: Treatment for diseases, vaccinations and disease detection have decreased deth rates.
- Lower birth rates: Less people want to give birth due to economic factors, changes in lifestyle or careers.
State 5 impacts of an aging population.
- There are less people to work, leading to labour shortages.
- Increased pension and healthcare costs for the government.
- Higher demnand for elderly care services such as nursing homes.
- Overburdened medical systems and longer hospital wait times.
- Change in family structures as more adults care for their aging parents.
State 4 solutions to managing an aging population.
- Encourage higher birth rates. Encourage more families to have more children by providing parental leave.
- Implementing AI in the workforce. Reducing dependance on a large working-age population.
- Extending retirement age. Keep the elderly active in the worforce for an extended period of time.
- Immegration policies. Encourage younger migrants to fill workforce gaps.
State 3 effects of overpopulation.
- Not enough housing.
- Not enough food.
- Poor pay and lower income
Give 3 reasons on why population grows so slowly in MEDCs?
- More women are choosing to work and get married later
- It is expensive to raise a child.
- There are contraception services available.
Give 3 reasons on why population grows so quickly in LEDCs?
- Women are married at a young age because they are not as educated.
- Children are valueable because they can work.
- Children are neede to look after their parents when they are old.
