Chapter 2: Policing Today Flashcards
Computer software systems focused on the intelligent processing of knowledge versus mere data processing; based on scientific disciplines.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
CAPS
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy; one of the largest and most comprehensive community policing initiatives in the United States, conducted by the Chicago Police Department during the 1990s
CODEFOR
Computer Optimized DEployment—Focus On Results; one of the first experiments in the CompStat process, used in Minneapolis Minnesota, designed specifically to
reduce crime and improve the efficiency and effectiveness ot the police department.
A policing philosophy that focuses on general neighborhood problems as a source of crime; PREVENTIVE; PROACTIVE; and INFORMATION-BASED
COMMUNITY POLICING
Police methodology using the most accurate and timely information to identify crime and social problems within a given geographic area and then to develop strategies
designed to stop or prevent them from occurring in the future; holds police administrators accountable for their decisions, tactics, and strategies aimed at reducing crime.
COMPSTAT
The organization of massive quantities of raw data and information related to reported crime in effort to identify trends and patterns and then to forecast specific events from the statistical manipulation of these data
CRIME ANALYSIS
Involves the directing of patrol officers to specific locations during their patrol shift
DIRECTED PATROL
Concentrates additional officers on specific locations at specific times in an attempt to efficiently deploy officers as well as deter and prevent crime
SATURATION PATROLS
A style of policing using the best available research to guide, manage, and evaluate police operations within a community
EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING
The integration of automated database operations and high-level mapping to analyze, manipulate, and manage spatial data, particularly relevant to crime analysis and forecasting.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
A geographically based approach to crime-fighting focused on in-depth analysis of places and times, and deploying police officers to those locations that account for the majority of calls for service and crime in a community.
HOT SPOTS POLICING
Arising from the 9/11 terrorist attacks, it is a relatively new policing style focused on offenders, not crime incidents, using intelligence analysis to prevent crime.
INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING
A worldwide network of computer systems and computer networks that offers the opportunity for sending information to receiving information from a vast audience from around the world
INTERNET
Style of policing fostered by Lee P. Brown in Houston Texas that focused on crime and social problems in select neighborhoods or districts
NEIGHBORHOOD-ORIENTED POLICING
Proactive policing style that uses information and analytical tools to prevent crime while using the fewest police resources possible
PREDICTIVE POLICING
Originally branded by Herman Goldstein, this style of policing addresses reoccurring social problems within a community through an innovative, four-step model called SARA
PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING
SARA Model
Scanning, analysis, response, assessment
Policing based on response to calls for service after the activity has occurred; reactive and incident-driven.
TRADITIONAL POLICING
The focused police strategy built on the philosophy that visible signs of social decay often lead to more serious crimes in a specific neighborhood; Emphasis is placed on strict enforcement of the law for even minor crimes and disorder
ZERO-TOLERANCE POLICING (broken windows)
Five elements of community oriented policing programs
1) A commitment to crime prevention
2) Public scrutiny of the police
3) Accountability of police actions to the public
4) Customized police service
5) Community organization
Four principles CompStat
1) accurate and timely intelligence
2) rapid deployment of resources
3) effective tactics
4) relentless follow-up and assessment
Community-oriented policing is a proactive approach to crime control with three complementary elements:
1) Community partnerships
2) Problem-solving utilizing SARA
3) Organizational transformation
The most common types of departmental restructuring associated with community policing include
- the decentralization of authority
- a flattened hierarchy
- a reduced number of specialized units
- an emphasis on teamwork
- increasing non-sworn personnel
CompStat combines two strategies
In-depth analysis and management accountability
The “Triple T strategy” of evidence-based policing
- Targeting: focusing on those issues that the police can lawfully address and will have the most impact
- Testing: looks at research for evidence of success for failure to determine how a strategy is working
- Tracking: is an effort to continually check performance and implementation
Some uses for social media by police departments include:
- Communication in emergency situations
- Agency transparency
- Community outreach
- networking with other police agencies
- investigations
- personnel selection
- public relations
Describe the four newest “police strategies” to addressing crime
- evidence-based policing
- Hotspot policing
- Intelligence-led policing
- predictive policing
