Chapter 2: Policing Today

Question 1

Computer software systems focused on the intelligent processing of knowledge versus mere data processing; based on scientific disciplines.

Answer 1

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Question 2

CAPS

Answer 2

Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy; one of the largest and most comprehensive community policing initiatives in the United States, conducted by the Chicago Police Department during the 1990s

Question 3

CODEFOR

Answer 3

Computer Optimized DEployment—Focus On Results; one of the first experiments in the CompStat process, used in Minneapolis Minnesota, designed specifically to
reduce crime and improve the efficiency and effectiveness ot the police department.

Question 4

A policing philosophy that focuses on general neighborhood problems as a source of crime; PREVENTIVE; PROACTIVE; and INFORMATION-BASED

Answer 4

COMMUNITY POLICING

Question 5

Police methodology using the most accurate and timely information to identify crime and social problems within a given geographic area and then to develop strategies
designed to stop or prevent them from occurring in the future; holds police administrators accountable for their decisions, tactics, and strategies aimed at reducing crime.

Answer 5

COMPSTAT

Question 6

The organization of massive quantities of raw data and information related to reported crime in effort to identify trends and patterns and then to forecast specific events from the statistical manipulation of these data

Answer 6

CRIME ANALYSIS

Question 7

Involves the directing of patrol officers to specific locations during their patrol shift

Answer 7

DIRECTED PATROL

Question 8

Concentrates additional officers on specific locations at specific times in an attempt to efficiently deploy officers as well as deter and prevent crime

Answer 8

SATURATION PATROLS

Question 9

A style of policing using the best available research to guide, manage, and evaluate police operations within a community

Answer 9

EVIDENCE-BASED POLICING

Question 10

The integration of automated database operations and high-level mapping to analyze, manipulate, and manage spatial data, particularly relevant to crime analysis and forecasting.

Answer 10

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

Question 11

A geographically based approach to crime-fighting focused on in-depth analysis of places and times, and deploying police officers to those locations that account for the majority of calls for service and crime in a community.

Answer 11

HOT SPOTS POLICING

Question 12

Arising from the 9/11 terrorist attacks, it is a relatively new policing style focused on offenders, not crime incidents, using intelligence analysis to prevent crime.

Answer 12

INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING

Question 13

A worldwide network of computer systems and computer networks that offers the opportunity for sending information to receiving information from a vast audience from around the world

Answer 13

INTERNET

Question 14

Style of policing fostered by Lee P. Brown in Houston Texas that focused on crime and social problems in select neighborhoods or districts

Answer 14

NEIGHBORHOOD-ORIENTED POLICING

Question 15

Proactive policing style that uses information and analytical tools to prevent crime while using the fewest police resources possible

Answer 15

PREDICTIVE POLICING

Question 16

Originally branded by Herman Goldstein, this style of policing addresses reoccurring social problems within a community through an innovative, four-step model called SARA

Answer 16

PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING

Question 17

SARA Model

Answer 17

Scanning, analysis, response, assessment

Question 18

Policing based on response to calls for service after the activity has occurred; reactive and incident-driven.

Answer 18

TRADITIONAL POLICING

Question 19

The focused police strategy built on the philosophy that visible signs of social decay often lead to more serious crimes in a specific neighborhood; Emphasis is placed on strict enforcement of the law for even minor crimes and disorder

Answer 19

ZERO-TOLERANCE POLICING (broken windows)

Question 20

Five elements of community oriented policing programs

Answer 20

1) A commitment to crime prevention
2) Public scrutiny of the police
3) Accountability of police actions to the public
4) Customized police service
5) Community organization

Question 21

Four principles CompStat

Answer 21

1) accurate and timely intelligence
2) rapid deployment of resources
3) effective tactics
4) relentless follow-up and assessment

Question 22

Community-oriented policing is a proactive approach to crime control with three complementary elements:

Answer 22

1) Community partnerships
2) Problem-solving utilizing SARA
3) Organizational transformation

Question 23

The most common types of departmental restructuring associated with community policing include

Answer 23

• the decentralization of authority
• a flattened hierarchy
• a reduced number of specialized units
• an emphasis on teamwork
• increasing non-sworn personnel

Question 24

CompStat combines two strategies

Answer 24

In-depth analysis and management accountability

Question 25

The “Triple T strategy” of evidence-based policing

Answer 25

• Targeting: focusing on those issues that the police can lawfully address and will have the most impact
• Testing: looks at research for evidence of success for failure to determine how a strategy is working
• Tracking: is an effort to continually check performance and implementation

Question 26

Some uses for social media by police departments include:

Answer 26

• Communication in emergency situations
• Agency transparency
• Community outreach
• networking with other police agencies
• investigations
• personnel selection
• public relations

Question 27

Describe the four newest “police strategies” to addressing crime

Answer 27

• evidence-based policing
• Hotspot policing
• Intelligence-led policing
• predictive policing