Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Question 1

Polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 1

Most bonds, are neither fully ionic nor fully covalent but are somewhere between the two extremes. Such bonds are called…..

Question 2

Electronegativity (EN)

Answer 2

the intrinsic ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond.

Question 3

Electronegativity Periodic Trends

Answer 3

EN decreases with bigger valence shells. EN decreases as atoms along the same row have a decreasing number of protons.

Question 4

Types of Bonds based off EN

Answer 4

electronegativities differ by less than 0.5 are nonpolar covalent, bonds between atoms whose EN differ by 0.5 to 2 are polar covalent, and bonds between atoms whose EN differ by more than 2 are largely ionic.

Question 5

The Dipole moment

Answer 5

is defined as the magnitude of the charge Q at either end of the molecule dipole times the distance r between the u=Qxr

Question 5

Formal charge

Answer 5

=#Ve- – #e- in bonds/2–lone electrons.

Question 6

Resonance Hybrid

Answer 6

a single unchanging structure that we say is a resonance hybrid of the two individual forms and has characteristics of both

Question 6

Bronsted-Lowry base

Answer 6

a substance that accepts a hydrogen ion,

Question 6

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Answer 6

a substance that donates a hydrogen ion, H+

Question 7

Conjugate acid

Answer 7

the product that results when the base gains a proton

Question 7

Conjugate base

Answer 7

the product that results when the acid loses a proton.