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Geography > Chapter 2 Planet Earth > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Planet Earth Flashcards

1
Q

Solar System

A

Consists of the sun and the objects that move around it

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2
Q

Planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

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3
Q

Orbit

A

The way objects in the solar system travels around the sun

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4
Q

A Satellite

A

A body that orbits a larger body

E.X. a moon

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5
Q

How far away is our sun from us

A

93 million miles

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6
Q

Geographers study Earth’s

A

Rotation, revolution and tilt of its axis

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7
Q

Why do geographers study Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt of its axis

A

To understand the differences In temperature around the earth from day to night

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8
Q

What Is Rotation

A

One complete spin of earth on its axis

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9
Q

How long does 1 rotation take

A

24 hours

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10
Q

Revolution

A

1 year for earth to orbit the sun

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11
Q

Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees so

A

The amount of the suns energy reaching different parts of the earth varies

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12
Q

Arctic circle

A

The line of latitude and longitude located 66.5 degrees north of the equator

It circles the North Pole

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13
Q

Antarctic circle

A

The line of latitude 66.5 degrees south of the equator

It circles the South Pole

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14
Q

Solstice

A

The day when the suns vertical rays are farther from the equator

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15
Q

A solstice occurs twice a year on

A

June 21 and December 22

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16
Q

During the summer solstice the sun strikes earth at

A

The Tropic of Cancer

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17
Q

During the winter solstice the suns rays strike earth at

A

The Tropic of Capricorn

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18
Q

Twice a year in between summer and winter the suns rays strike

A

The equator directly

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19
Q

Equinox

A

When the suns rays strike the equator directly

Everyone has twelve hours of day and night

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20
Q

When is the spring Equinox

A

March 21

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21
Q

When is the fall equinox

A

September 22

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22
Q

Earth System

A

The interaction of forces and materials on the planet

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23
Q

What are the 4 parts of Earth’s system

A

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

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24
Q

Atmosphere

A

The layer of gases, the air that surrounds the earth

These gases include nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide

Contains the ozone layer

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25
Q

Ozone layer

A

A form of oxygen in the atmosphere

A layer of this gas helps protect the earth from harmful solar radiation

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26
Q

Lithosphere

A

The solid rocky outer layer of earth

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27
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Consist of all earths water found in lakes oceans and glaciers

This also includes the moisture in the atmosphere

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28
Q

Biosphere

A

The part of earth system that includes plants and animals

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29
Q

Characteristics of water

A

It can occur as a solid liquid or gas

30
Q

Water vapor

A

Water that occurs in the air as an invisible gas

31
Q

Water cycle

A

The circulation of water from earth surface to the atmosphere and back

32
Q

What drives the water cycle

A

The suns energy

33
Q

Evaporation

A

Occurs when the sun heats water on earth

34
Q

Condensation

A

When water changes from a gas into tiny liquid droplets

These droplets join together to form clouds

35
Q

Precipitation

A

If the droplets become heavy enough precipitation occurs

36
Q

How much water from earth does the ocean have

A

97%

37
Q

What percent of water is found in ice sheets and glaciers

A

2%

38
Q

What percent of earth’s water is found in lakes, rivers, and underground

A

1%

39
Q

Tributary

A

When a smaller stream or river flows into a larger one

40
Q

How do lakes usually form

A

And rivers flow into basins and fill them up with water

41
Q

How are springs made

A

When ground water bubbles out of the ground

42
Q

Continental shift

A

Gently sloping underwater Land

This is important to Marine life

43
Q

Average ocean depth

A

12,000 feet

44
Q

Deepest part of Mariana Trench

A

36,000 feet

45
Q

Floods kill

A

4 out of 10 people who die from natural disasters

46
Q

What can cause a river to over flow

A

Who much rain or snow melt entering a river

47
Q

Dams

A

Something people use to control floods

They also store water for use during Dry periods

48
Q

Water supply

A

The amount of water available for use in a region

49
Q

Landforms

A

Shapes on Earth’s surface

50
Q

Plateau

A

An elevated flat

51
Q

Plate tectonics

A

Explains how forces raise lower and roughen

52
Q

Primary landforms

A

Landforms created by tectonic processes

53
Q

Subduction

A

When a heavier plate moves under a lighter plate and trenches form

54
Q

Parts of plate tectonics

A

Crust
Liquid mantle
Solid core

55
Q

Fault

A

A fractured surface in earths crust where a mass of rocks is in motion

56
Q

Pangea

A

The original landmass that was separated into the positions they are into today

57
Q

Secondary landform

A

When primary land forms are broken down

58
Q

Weathering

A

Process of breaking down rocks

59
Q

Erosion

A

The movement of rocky materials to another location

60
Q

Erosion and weathering both

A

Change rocks

61
Q

Alluvial fan

A

Sediments that build into a fan shaped form

62
Q

Floodplain

A

Created when rivers flood their banks and deposit sediment

63
Q

Delta

A

formed when a river carries some of their sentiment to the sea

64
Q

Glacier

A

Slow moving ice that has the power to move tons of rock

65
Q

Isthmus

A

A neck of land connecting two larger areas

66
Q

Peninsula

A

Land bordered by water on three side

67
Q

How are mountains created

A

When to plates push on each other and form a peak

68
Q

How do mid ocean ridges form

A

When plates pull away from each other and lava comess through the middle and hardens

69
Q

How are fault zones created

A

When two plates that are right next to each other move opposing ways (one up and one down)

70
Q

Explain magma and lava

A

Magma is inside the volcano and lava is what is outside the volcano

Geography (5 decks)

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