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Geography > Chapter 2 Planet Earth > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Planet Earth Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Solar System

A

Consists of the sun and the objects that move around it

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2
Q

Planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

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3
Q

Orbit

A

The way objects in the solar system travels around the sun

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4
Q

A Satellite

A

A body that orbits a larger body

E.X. a moon

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5
Q

How far away is our sun from us

A

93 million miles

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6
Q

Geographers study Earth’s

A

Rotation, revolution and tilt of its axis

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7
Q

Why do geographers study Earths rotation, revolution, and tilt of its axis

A

To understand the differences In temperature around the earth from day to night

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8
Q

What Is Rotation

A

One complete spin of earth on its axis

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9
Q

How long does 1 rotation take

A

24 hours

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10
Q

Revolution

A

1 year for earth to orbit the sun

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11
Q

Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees so

A

The amount of the suns energy reaching different parts of the earth varies

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12
Q

Arctic circle

A

The line of latitude and longitude located 66.5 degrees north of the equator

It circles the North Pole

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13
Q

Antarctic circle

A

The line of latitude 66.5 degrees south of the equator

It circles the South Pole

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14
Q

Solstice

A

The day when the suns vertical rays are farther from the equator

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15
Q

A solstice occurs twice a year on

A

June 21 and December 22

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16
Q

During the summer solstice the sun strikes earth at

A

The Tropic of Cancer

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17
Q

During the winter solstice the suns rays strike earth at

A

The Tropic of Capricorn

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18
Q

Twice a year in between summer and winter the suns rays strike

A

The equator directly

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19
Q

Equinox

A

When the suns rays strike the equator directly

Everyone has twelve hours of day and night

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20
Q

When is the spring Equinox

A

March 21

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21
Q

When is the fall equinox

A

September 22

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22
Q

Earth System

A

The interaction of forces and materials on the planet

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23
Q

What are the 4 parts of Earth’s system

A

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

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24
Q

Atmosphere

A

The layer of gases, the air that surrounds the earth

These gases include nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide

Contains the ozone layer

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25
Ozone layer
A form of oxygen in the atmosphere A layer of this gas helps protect the earth from harmful solar radiation
26
Lithosphere
The solid rocky outer layer of earth
27
Hydrosphere
Consist of all earths water found in lakes oceans and glaciers This also includes the moisture in the atmosphere
28
Biosphere
The part of earth system that includes plants and animals
29
Characteristics of water
It can occur as a solid liquid or gas
30
Water vapor
Water that occurs in the air as an invisible gas
31
Water cycle
The circulation of water from earth surface to the atmosphere and back
32
What drives the water cycle
The suns energy
33
Evaporation
Occurs when the sun heats water on earth
34
Condensation
When water changes from a gas into tiny liquid droplets These droplets join together to form clouds
35
Precipitation
If the droplets become heavy enough precipitation occurs
36
How much water from earth does the ocean have
97%
37
What percent of water is found in ice sheets and glaciers
2%
38
What percent of earth’s water is found in lakes, rivers, and underground
1%
39
Tributary
When a smaller stream or river flows into a larger one
40
How do lakes usually form
And rivers flow into basins and fill them up with water
41
How are springs made
When ground water bubbles out of the ground
42
Continental shift
Gently sloping underwater Land This is important to Marine life
43
Average ocean depth
12,000 feet
44
Deepest part of Mariana Trench
36,000 feet
45
Floods kill
4 out of 10 people who die from natural disasters
46
What can cause a river to over flow
Who much rain or snow melt entering a river
47
Dams
Something people use to control floods They also store water for use during Dry periods
48
Water supply
The amount of water available for use in a region
49
Landforms
Shapes on Earth’s surface
50
Plateau
An elevated flat
51
Plate tectonics
Explains how forces raise lower and roughen
52
Primary landforms
Landforms created by tectonic processes
53
Subduction
When a heavier plate moves under a lighter plate and trenches form
54
Parts of plate tectonics
Crust Liquid mantle Solid core
55
Fault
A fractured surface in earths crust where a mass of rocks is in motion
56
Pangea
The original landmass that was separated into the positions they are into today
57
Secondary landform
When primary land forms are broken down
58
Weathering
Process of breaking down rocks
59
Erosion
The movement of rocky materials to another location
60
Erosion and weathering both
Change rocks
61
Alluvial fan
Sediments that build into a fan shaped form
62
Floodplain
Created when rivers flood their banks and deposit sediment
63
Delta
formed when a river carries some of their sentiment to the sea
64
Glacier
Slow moving ice that has the power to move tons of rock
65
Isthmus
A neck of land connecting two larger areas
66
Peninsula
Land bordered by water on three side
67
How are mountains created
When to plates push on each other and form a peak
68
How do mid ocean ridges form
When plates pull away from each other and lava comess through the middle and hardens
69
How are fault zones created
When two plates that are right next to each other move opposing ways (one up and one down)
70
Explain magma and lava
Magma is inside the volcano and lava is what is outside the volcano

Geography (5 decks)

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