Chapter 2 - Phonology

Question 1

Markedness

Answer 1

Constraint listed that is the grammatical concept that some handshapes are more neutral, versatile, and less context-specific than others.

Unmarked ASL handshapes: B, A, S, 1, C, 5, and zero/O.
Marked: x, h, i, w

Most signs are unmarked
They are simpler, more common, easier to produce

Question 2

Prosody

Answer 2

Area of phonology that connects to syntax

Includes:
- rhythm & intonation
- turning declarative sentences into questions

Question 3

Primary effects of prosodic organization in spoken languages:

Answer 3

Timing, Stress, and Pitch

Question 4

Prosody in sign languages

Answer 4

• Timing: brief pauses or hold between sentences or phrases
• Stress: used for emphasis (faster movements, tensed muscles, larger movements, change in number of repetitions of a sign)
• Intonation: through use of NMMS

Question 5

Minimal Pairs

Answer 5

Pairs of words in a language that differ in only one phonological unit such as a phoneme.

Examples:
ONION & APPLE
CHILDREN & THING

https://www.handspeak.com/learn/109/

Question 6

Selected Fingers Constraint

Question 7

Symmetry Constraint

Question 8

Dominance Constraint