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Pharma > Chapter 2 - Pharma Principles > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Pharma Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Define Drug

A

Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism

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2
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study or science of drugs

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3
Q

Pharmaceutics

A

The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which in which the drug effect the body

Dissolution-Dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption

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4
Q

Pharmaceutic Phase

A

Dissolves solid tablets and capsules into liquid form

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5
Q

Pharmacokenetics

A

The study of what the body does to the drug once it enters the body until it exits it

  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
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6
Q

Define Comorbidity

A

The Disease that a patient has that may change the way their body metabolizes a drug

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7
Q

What happens to drug particles within the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Moves into body fluids into the bloodstream for distribution to tissues

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8
Q

What are factors that influence rate of absorption?

A

Route of administration; solubility of drug

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9
Q

3 Ways in which drug movement occurs:

A

1) Enteral (GI Tract)
2) Parental
3) Topical

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10
Q

Low levels of Albumin can cause:

A

Peripheral Edema

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11
Q

Normal Albumin Level

A

3.5-5.0

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12
Q

What is the cause for low albumin?

A

Deficient protein

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13
Q

What does albumin do in the body?

A

Maintains integrity of the vascular system.

the most common blood protein and carries the majority of protein-bound drug molecules.

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14
Q

What is the first-pass effect of absorption?

A

Drug absorbed by small intestine; liver first

Metabolizes drug; remaining a drug not sufficient to produce therapeutic effect

Patient needs higher dosage for desired effect

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15
Q

Enteral Route

A

The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine.

Oral
Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal (can also be topical)

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16
Q

Parenteral Route

A 
Intravenous (fastest delivery into the blood circulation)
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intradermal
Intraarterial
Intrathecal
Intraarticular
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17
Q

Topical Route

A 
Skin (including transdermal patches)
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Lungs (inhalation)drugs
Rectum
Vagina
18
Q

Distribution in Pharmcokinetics

A

Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action.

The medication must be able to pass through tissues and membranes to reach the target area.

The medications ability to bind with a protein affects how much medication will leave and travel to target tissues.

19
Q

Metabolism in Pharmocokinetics

A

Also called, biotransformation

Biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite (as in the conversion of an inactive prodrug to its active form), or a less active metabolite.

20
Q

Where does drug metabolism occur in the body?

A

Kidneys, Lungs, Intestines, and Blood.

21
Q

Cytochrome p-450

A

Enzymes (microsomal enzymes)

22
Q

Lipophilic

A

Fate loving

23
Q

Hyrdrophilic

A

Water loving

24
Q

Enzymes

A

These pathways via enzymes explain how different people respond to the drugs differently

25
Q

What is excretion?

A

Elimination of drugs from the body

26
Q

What is renal excretion?

A

through glomerular filtration. Some kidney reabsorption can occur

27
Q

Biliary Excretion

A

First taken up by the liver/ released into bile. Eliminated by feces.

28
Q

Define Half-Life

A

time required for half (50%) of a given drug to be removed from the body.

29
Q

Define Steady State

A

refers to the physiological state in which the right amount of the drug that is eliminated equals the same amount absorbed

30
Q

Peak Level

A

highest blood level

31
Q

Trough Level

A

Lowest blood level

32
Q

What plays an important part in determining peak level and trough level?

A

The length of time until the onset and peak of action and the duration of action

33
Q

What happens if the peak level is too high?

A

Drug toxicity may occur

34
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of what the drug does to the body

Drug actions in living tissues

35
Q

Therapeutic Effect

A

A positive effect in the physiology system

36
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

It can increase or decrease the tissue function.

37
Q

Agonist

A

Drug attaches to the receptor site. similiar to the body’s own chemicals.

38
Q

Antagonist

A

Drug attaches to the receptor site. No chemical response is produced.

39
Q

Partial Agonist

A

Only a slight chemical reaction occurs.

40
Q

What are enzymes?

A

pg 30

Pharma (3 decks)

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