Chapter 2: Personal Practices And Coping Skills Flashcards
Stress
A nonspecific somatic response to positive and negative stressors alike
Stressors
Negative life events that occur in the life
Distress
Related to high anxiety. Negative
Eustress
Positive. But body used to negative, and response is the same as distress even if it’s a positive reaction
Acute
Short stress
Chronic
Long term stress. Example is cancer
Rapkin and Fischer (1992)
Looked at Number of stressful life events experienced. Counter how stressed
Harlow. Goldberg, comstock (1991)
Looked at single stressful life events. Ex: widowed
Ladwig, lehmacher (1992)
Looked at personal health crisis
Glass, Kasl, berkman (1997)
Looked at multiple stressful life events. More selective compared to Rapkin and Fischer
Cohen, kamarck, mermelstein (1983)
Based on perceived stress
Stress research THEN
- negative stressors
- physiological indicator
- animal research
- decrease in psychological indicator
Stress research NOW
- negative stressor
- increase in physiological and psychological indicators
- human research
- general consensus
Folkman (1984)
Appraisal of control and stress
How much control we have in life
Frankenhaeuser 1986
Hormonal response to stress
Tavazzi, zotti, mazuerro 1987
Relation between stress and heart failure in human
Rahe and Holmes 1989
Stress and changes in physical health.
Anderson and Chesney 2002
High blood pressure and stress
Hawkley, Berntson, Engeland, marucha 2005
Research shortening of the telomeres due to stress
Rothbaum, weisz, Synders 1982 : two process model of control
Primary and secondary control
Primary control
The proactive attempts of individuals to influence or alter their environments in ways that are aligned with their wishes “changing the world”
Secondary control
Changing the way one thinks, in order to adapt to the environment “changing the self”
Four types of secondary control
- predictive control
- illusory control
- vicarious control
- interpretive control
Predictive control
Gaining a sense of control by having knowledge of upcoming negative events
Illusory control
Gaining a sense of control by belief in luck, fate or chance
Vicarious control
Affiliation with powerful others
Interpretive control
Reinterpreting negative events to see their positives
*most important
<1950
Behaviourism
> 1950
Social psychology
Rotter 1996
Internal vs external locus of control
Seligman and maier 1967
Helplessness. Having a completely lack of control
Glass and singer 1972
Urban stress
Abramson, garner, seligman 1980
Attributions and helplessness
-blaming helplessness
Theory of planned behaviour
Formulated in 1980 by Aizen and Fishbein
What is theory of planned behaviour
If people sees the suggested behaviour as positive(attitude) and if they think their partner want them to perform the behaviour (subjective norm), there’s a higher intention (motivation) and they are more like to do it
Glass
Relation between stress and depression
