Chapter 2- Periodic table

Question 1

What are the group 1 metals called?

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 2

What is a trend in reactivity?

Answer 2

It is the attraction between the outermost electron and the nucleus.

Question 3

What is the nuclear charge of an atom?

Answer 3

It is the positive charge of an atom

The further away from the atom an electron is the easier it is to lose an electron and the harder it is to gain one

Question 4

State why ,in terms of electrons, sodium and potassium are in group 1.

Answer 4

They both have 1 electron in their outer shell

Question 5

Explain why there is a difference between sodium and potassium in their reactivity in water

Answer 5

Potassium is lower down in the group than sodium it is also more reactive.

Question 6

Sodium reacts with bromine write the word equation

Answer 6

Sodium + bromine > sodium bromide

Question 7

Calcium chloride contains ions, Ca 2+ , and chloride ions, Cl-. What is the formula for calcium chloride

Answer 7

CaCl2

Question 8

Why is potassium more reactive than lithium?

Answer 8

The distance between the nucleus and the outer shell is further away meaning the force of attraction is weaker and the electrons are lost easier

Question 9

What does the atomic number of an atom determine?

Answer 9

It’s position in the periodic table

Question 10

Why are the noble gases so unreactive

Answer 10

Because they have a stable electron arrangement

Question 11

Do metals tend to lose or gain electrons?

Answer 11

Lose

Question 12

Do non metals tend to gain or lose electrons?

Answer 12

Gain

Question 13

Do their melting points increase or decrease going up or down the group 0?

Answer 13

Their melting and boiling points increase as you go down the group

Question 14

What do all alkali metals react with?

Answer 14

Water, they produce hydrogen and an alkaline solution containing the metal hydroxide

Question 15

Does the reactivity of alkaline metals increase or decrease going up or down the group?

Answer 15

The reactivity goes up going down the group

Question 16

What kind of ions do alkaline metals form?

Answer 16

They form +1 ions in reactions to make ionic compounds.

Question 17

What kind of ions do the halogens form?

Answer 17

They all form ions with a single negative charge

Question 18

How do halogens form covenant bonds

Answer 18

By sharing electrons with other non metals

Question 19

What does displacement mean with halogens

Answer 19

When a more reactive halogen is combined with a less reactive halogen compound the more reactive halogen will displace the less reactive halogen taking its place in the compound.

Question 20

Does the reactivity of halogens increase or decrease going up or down the group

Answer 20

It decrease going down the group

Question 20

What does the attraction between the outermost electron and the nucleus depend on?

Answer 20

The distance between the two ( how many shells the atom has)

The size of the positive charge on the nucleus ( nuclear charge )

Question 20

Which of the three key things that a trend in reactivity depends on gets outweighed by the other two?

Answer 20

The nuclear charge is outweighed by the size of the atom and the amount of shells shielding the attractive nuclear charge

Question 21

State three trends as you go down group 1

Answer 21

They have lower melting and boiling points.
They have a higher relative atomic mass
They become more reactive

Question 22

What kind of compound do alkali metals form with non metals? Explain?

Answer 22

Alkali metals don’t need much energy to lose their one outer electron so they generally lose it forming +1 ions. It is so easy for them to lose their outer electron that they only ever react to form ionic compounds

Question 23

Describe the reaction of alkaline metals with water

Answer 23

They react vigorously
Lithium sodium and potassium float
They produce hydrogen. For potassium and below there is enough energy in the reaction to ignite hydrogen.
They form hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solution

Question 24

Write the equation for sodium and water

Answer 24

Sodium + water > sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 25

Write the word equation for water and potassium

Answer 25

Potassium + water > potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 26

What are the trends as you go down the group 7

Answer 26

Become less reactive
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

Question 27

Why do group 7 elements get less reactive as you go down the group from fluorine to iodine?

Answer 27

Because it’s harder for them to gain an extra electron because the outer shell is further from the nucleus