Chapter 2 - Parts of Speech Flashcards
Parts of Speech
grammatical system for organizing words
8 categories
Parts of Speech
categories
nouns
pronouns
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
conjunctions
prepositions
interjections
Nouns
name people, places, things, concepts, activities, measurements
proper and common
Proper Nouns
take the place of nouns
always begin with a capital letter
Common Nouns
nonspecific nouns
lowercase
Proper Nouns
specifics
substitutes for he, she, it them, who, and everybody
also replaces nouns not previous mentioned but understood (i.e., it)
Verbs
types
action verbs
being verbs
helping verbs
Verb Phrase
when action/being verbs are preceded by one or more helping verbs
Action Verbs
tells the action of the subject
something you can physically or mentally do
Action Verbs
examples
work, play, invite, write, think, consider, wonder
Being Verbs
aka state-of-being or linking verbs
include forms of .to be. = is, am, are, was, were
Helping Verb
used to express time (past present future)
used to express possibility (maybe)
used to express emphasis
Helping Verb
examples
have, has, should, could, would`
Gerund
an -ing word that names an activity
not preceded by a helping verb
noun
Infinitive
when to precedes a verb = noun naming an activity
Adjectives
modifier
describe nouns
add info about which one, what kind, or how many
Adverbs
describe, limit, explain - verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
add info about when, where how, how much
most formed by adding -ly
Conjunctions
connect words, phrases, clauses
Type of Conjunctions
coordinating
dependent/subordinate
Coordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet,so.
join parts of speech in a series
join parts of sentences (clauses)
Dependent Conjunctions
aka subordinate conjunctions
introduce a dependent clause
after, although, as, because, before, even though, if, since, so that, than, unless, until, when, which, while
Dependent Clause
word group that has a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought
Prepositions
link to other words in a sentence to show relationship
about, above, across, after, towards, under until, etc.
Prepositional Phrase
begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun
Object of Preposition
noun or pronoun which ends prepositional phrase
Interjection
exclamatory word or phrase
