CHAPTER 2 PART 2 Flashcards
The mechanical device suspending
the drillstring’s weight;
Swivel
Long square or hexagonal steel bar with
a fluid path drilled through the center;
Kelly
Short drill collar with male threads
on one end and female on the other;
Kelly Saver Sub
Revolving or spinning section
of the drillfloor that provides
power to turn the drillstring in a
clockwise direction (as viewed
from above);
Rotary Table
Adapter connecting the rotary table
to the kelly;
Kelly Bushing
Device used to grip the
drillstring and suspend it in the
rotary table when making or
breaking a connection;
Slips
are the active
tongs during breakout (or
loosening) operations;
Tongs
are active
during makeup (or tightening)
operations.
Makeup tongs
A drillstring turning device;
Consists of one or more
motors (electric or hydraulic)
connected with appropriate
gearing to a short section of
pipe called a quill, that in turn
may be screwed into a saver
sub or the drillstring itself;
Top Drive or Power Swivel
The formation pressure is defined as the
pressure at which a fluid or gas exists in the pores of a permeable
rock. This is also called pore pressure.
Formation Pressure
The amount of pressure a formation can
withstand before the formation breaks down as a fracture is
initiated, followed by loss of fluid, also defined as Formation
breakdown pressure.
Fracture Pressure
The amount of pressure the formation can
withstand before the formation accepts any fluids.
Leak-Off Pressure
A combination of one or more Well
Barrier Elements that together constitute a method of containment
of fluids within a well that prevents uncontrolled flow of fluids into
another formation, or, to escape at surface.
Well Barrier Envelope
is achieved by ensuring that the mud
hydrostatic pressure overcomes formation pore pressures.
To maintain primary well control, the well should always be filled
with mud with a density within the mud window.
Primary Well Control
is achieved by using valves to prevent
the flow of fluid from the well until such time as the well can be
made safe.
Secondary Well Control
A flow of formation fluids into the wellbore during drilling operations.
The kick is physically caused by the pressure in
Kick
Signs of a kick:
Sudden increase in mud pit level
Well is flowing despite pump off scenarios i.e., mud circulation is
off
Pit level indicators or mud flowmeters are triggered
Kick Detection
Two basic types of BOPs
Annular Preventor
Ram Preventor
designed to seal off the
annulus between the
drillstring and the side of
hole
Annular Preventor
Designed to seal off the annulus
by ramming large rubberfaced
blocks of steel together;
Ram Preventors
seal off
open holes
Blind rams
– seal off
around drill pipe
Pipe rams
– sever drill
pipe
Shear rams
seals a range of tubular
sizes
Variable bore rams
spacers between preventers
that provide hookups for the
choke line and kill line
during a kick
Drilling Spool
a hydraulic pressure unit that keeps liquid under pressure in the
tanks and provides a method to open and close the blowout preventers quickly and
reliably.
Accumulator Unit
an arrangement of piping and special valves, called choke. In drilling
mud is circulated in the choke manifold when a kick occurs.
Choke Manifold
attached to the blowout preventer stack, usually directly opposite the choke
manifold. Heavy weight fluid is pumped to the kill line into the well bore until balance has
been restored.
Kill Line
– a pipe attached to the blowout preventer stack out of which kick fluids and
mud can be pumped to the choke manifold when a blowout preventer is closed in on a
kick.
Choke Line
- device that is used to remove gas from the mud coming out of a
well when kick is being circulating out.
Mud Gas Separator
Safety requires constant
monitoring of the drilling
process;
If drilling problems are detected
early remedial action can be
taken quickly, thereby avoiding
major Problems;
Discussion
After invasion of formation fluids into
the wellbore, the total volume of drilling
fluid increases, and the level of the
drilling fluid tank rises;
Volume Detection Method for the
Drilling Fluid
Flow detection method for returning
drilling fluid is also one of the means to
detect the kick;
Flow Detection Method for Returning
Drilling Fluid
If there is a total loss and the mud level cannot be seen at wellhead;
Acoustic wave signals can be sent downwards along the wellbore, this signal will be
reflected on the gas-liquid interface in the wellbore, and the reflected wave will
reach the receiving equipment upwards along the wellbore;
Acoustic Wave Method of Total Loss Detection
Mudloggers inspect rock cuttings from the shale shaker at regular intervals;
Calculations and cuttings descriptions can be matched with the depth, hence,
a log of the formations being drilled can be drawn up;
Mudlogging
Mudlogging equipment
gas
chromatography.
Acoustic Wave Method of Total Loss Detection equipment
bayag ko
Flow Detection Method for Returning
Drilling Fluid equipment
target-type flowmeter,
but also electromagnetic flowmeter and
mass flowmeter detection are used.
Volume Detection Method for the
Drilling Fluid equipment
float-level gauges and
ultrasonic-level sensors
