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Government > Chapter 2- Our Political Beginnings > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Our Political Beginnings Flashcards

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1
Q

3 basic concepts of government?

A

Ordered gov, limited gov, and representative government

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2
Q

What is ordered gov?

A

An orderly structured gov

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3
Q

What is limited gov?

A

Where the government is not all powerful.

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4
Q

What is representative government?

A

Where the government should serve the will of the people.

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5
Q

What were the 3 important documents that led to American Freedom?

A

Magna Carta, Petition of Rights, and the English Bill of Rights

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6
Q

What is the Magna Carta?

A

Written in 1215- signed by King John- established the principle that the monarchy was not absolute
**known as the Cornerstone of the US Constitution

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7
Q

What is the Petition of Rights?

A

Written in 1628- signed by Charles I- established the idea that even the monarch must obey the law.

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8
Q

What is the English Bill of Rights?

A

Written in 1688- signed by William and Mary- established the idea that the people had certain natural rights (free speech, religion, fair trial, etc)

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9
Q

What was the result of the 3 important documents?

A

The American Bill of Rights

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10
Q

What were the 3 types of colonial government? Which was least and which was most restrictive?

A

Royal, proprietary, and charter

Royal colonies were the most restrictive and charter was the least restrictive.

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11
Q

What were the Royal colonies?

A

They were under direct control of the crown- 8

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12
Q

What were the proprietary colonies?

A

Under direct control of the proprietor- 3

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13
Q

What were the Charter colonies?

A

They were under direct control of the people- 2

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14
Q

What were the three attempts to unite the colonies that eventually led to revolution?

A

The Albany Plan of Union, 2nd Continental Congress, and Declaration of Independence

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15
Q

What is the Albany Plan of Union?

A

1754- Attempt to address colonial trade and unite during the French and Indian War

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16
Q

What was the 2nd Continental Congress?

A

1775- First time all the colonies united. **The first National gov during the war for independence.

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17
Q

What is the Declaration of Independence?

A

1776- United to form our own nation

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18
Q

What were the Articles of Confederation?

A

First constitution of the USA- drafted during the revolution in 1777

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19
Q

Who wrote the final draft and who wrote the final draft of the Articles of Confederation?

A

Benjamin Franklin wrote the first and John Dickinson wrote the final draft.

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20
Q

What was the design of the articles of confederation?

A

They were designed to have a weak central gov and strong state gov.

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21
Q

Why did the colonists fear a strong central government?

A

Because of their past with the kings.

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22
Q

What did each state get to keep with the articles?

A

Kept its own sovereignty, freedom, and independence

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23
Q

What branches of gov were present during the articles?

A

One branch- legislative

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24
Q

What form of power did the articles have?

A

There was a confederate form (power in the local states) - very little central gov

25
Q

What were the 5 major weaknesses of the central gov?

A

Had no power to…
Tax, regulate trade, enforce laws
No executive or judicial branch
To amend the articles all 13 states had to consent.

26
Q

What was Shay’s Rebellion?

A

Revolt against land/home foreclosures- led to violence.

27
Q

Why were the Articles a failure?

A

The central government had too little power.

28
Q

Whose idea was it to revise the Articles?

A

James Madison

29
Q

Who were the “Framers?”

A

Group of 55 delegates sent to Philadelphia in the summer of 1787

30
Q

Who were the key people not at the revision of the articles?

A

Patrick Henry “smelt a rat”

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson - diplomats in Europe

31
Q

What was the original purpose of the Philadelphia convention?

A

To revise the Articles of confederation

32
Q

What ended up happening during the Philadelphia convention?

A

Scraped the entire thing and wrote a new one.

33
Q

What were the 2 major plans presented at the meeting?

A

The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.

34
Q

Who founded the Virginia Plan? What was he known as?

A

James Madison- the Father of our Constitution

35
Q

What were the 6 features of the VA Plan?

A

3 branches
Bicameral Legislature
Rep based on population or the amount of money given
Executive (1- president)
Judicial (1 - Supreme Court)
Greatly increase the powers of the central government - UNITARY

36
Q

Who founded the New Jersey Plan?

A

William Patterson

37
Q

What were the 5 features of the New Jersey Plan?

A

3 Branches
Unicameral- legislative branch equal one vote/state
Executive- 3 people
Judicial- Supreme Court plus state courts
Limited Powers to the central government shared with the states- FEDERAL

38
Q

What was the key issue during the meeting to revise articles?

A

Representation in the Legislative Branch.

39
Q

What was the Great Compromise by Connecticut? 4 main features

A
  • Bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house (senate).
  • National Judiciary: supreme courts and state courts
  • Executive Branch with one person
  • Gave coequal power to the central and local governments FEDERAL
40
Q

What was the issue resulting in the three fifths compromise? What was the resolution?

A

Should slaves be counted as population?

Slaves would be counted as 3/5 a person and the south must pay 3/5 of a head tax.

41
Q

What was the issue resulting in the commerce and slave trade compromise? What was the resolution?

A

The south feared that congress would tax exports to help fund the government and also feared that they would stop the slave trade.
Therefore, Congress was forbidden from taxing exports and could not regulate the slave trade for 20 years.

42
Q

What were the 4 sources of the Constituion?

A

Greece, Rome, Great Britain, and Judea- Christian

43
Q

What does ratify mean?

A

Official approval of the states

44
Q

What were the two opposing sides to ratification of the constitution?

A

Federalist- in favor of the new constitution

Anti-Federalists- opposed to the new constitution

45
Q

What was the Federalists main argument in favor of the constitution?

A

The central government was too weak - led by James Madison

46
Q

Main reason why antifederalists opposed the constitution?

A

Gave too much power to the federal government and it had no bill of rights led by Patrick Henry

47
Q

How many states had to ratify the constitution to make it official?

A

9 states

48
Q

What was the first state to ratify?

A

Delaware

49
Q

What were the two states that didn’t ratify causing a big issue?

A

New York and Virginia because they were the 2 biggest states

50
Q

How did they get Virginia to ratify?

A

Thomas Jefferson votes for it

51
Q

What were the federalist papers and where were they written?

A

New York- a series of 85 articles written that stated reasons why we need the new Constitution.

52
Q

Who wrote the Federalist Papers and what influence did they have?

A

Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

They swayed the vote

53
Q

When was the constitution official?

A

September 13, 1788- 11 states ratified the constitution

54
Q

What were the last 2 states to ratify?

A

North Carolina in 1789

Rhode Island in 1790

55
Q

Where did Congress meet for the first time?

A

In New York City

56
Q

What was the first capital city?

A

New York City

57
Q

Why did the first Congress meeting have to adjourn?

A

There was no quorum (majority)

58
Q

When and where was the Inauguration?

A

April 30, 1789 in New York City

Government (6 decks)

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