Chapter 2 Nurturing Bias Flashcards
What was the primary reason the robbers targeted the Asian women in the story?
A)They were unfamiliar with English and unlikely to resist.
B) They had valuable items in their purses.
C) They lived in a dangerous neighborhood.
D) They were physically strong and could fight back
A) They were unfamiliar with English and unlikely to resist.
How did the women categorize the robbers in the story?
A) As individual criminals with specific names.
B) As a group of young black men.
C) As people from their own community.
D) As a mixture of both black and white teenagers.
B) As a group of young black men.
What does the author suggest about the women’s perception of black men after the robberies?
a. They became more empathetic toward black men.
B) They began to associate black men with danger.
C) They felt no change in their perception.
D) They found black men to be less threatening.
B) They began to associate black men with danger
According to the author, what is the purpose of categorization in human brains?
a. To isolate people who are different from us.
B) To organize and manage the overwhelming stimuli around us.
C) To encourage people to form stereotypes.
D) To eliminate diversity in our perceptions
B) To organize and manage the overwhelming stimuli around us.
What is one negative consequence of categorization mentioned in the text?
a. It leads to a greater appreciation of diversity.
B) It can reduce our sensitivity to people who are different from us.
C) It helps us connect more easily with others.
D) It makes our brains more adaptable
B) It can reduce our sensitivity to people who are different from us
What example does the author provide to illustrate the impact of racial categories on perception?
a. A study showing better memory for in-group faces with certain hairstyles.
B) An experiment where people failed to recognize faces of their own race.
C) A test where individuals could not identify the gender of people in photos.
D) A case where individuals were able to recognize strangers more accurately
A) A study showing better memory for in-group faces with certain hairstyles.
What was the result of the study conducted by the author and his colleagues at Stanford?
a. White participants showed stronger brain activity when viewing black faces.
B) White participants showed weaker brain activity when viewing black faces.
C) There was no significant difference in brain activity between faces of different races.
D) White participants showed the same level of brain activity when viewing all races.
B) White participants showed weaker brain activity when viewing black
In the example with Marsha and her sister, why did Marsha’s sister worry about being seen with her?
a. She feared her coworkers might think she was too poor.
B) She wanted to avoid revealing her racial identity as a black woman.
C) She didn’t want people to know they were related.
D) She felt that Marsha would overshadow her in social situations.
B) She wanted to avoid revealing her racial identity as a black woman.
What is the phenomenon of “repetition suppression” described in the text?
a. A brain response to new stimuli that weakens with familiarity.
B) A technique used to make people less sensitive to repeated faces.
C) The process by which the brain becomes more alert after repeated exposure.
D) A brain reaction that strengthens with the frequency of exposure to the same face.
A) A brain response to new stimuli that weakens with familiarit
What did the researchers find when white participants were shown black faces they had never seen before?
a. The participants exhibited increased brain activity when viewing black faces.
B) The participants processed black faces categorically, not individually.
C) The participants showed no brain activity in response to black faces.
D) The participants treated black faces as more distinctive than white fac
B) The participants processed black faces categorically, not individually.
What does the author suggest about how we categorize people based on their race?
a. Racial categories are universal and unchanging across cultures.
B) Categorization is influenced by cultural norms and can change over time.
C) Racial categories are primarily determined by genetic traits.
D) Our brain’s categorization process only applies to physical traits, not cultural ones.
B) Categorization is influenced by cultural norms and can change over time.
How did participants who believed human traits are malleable react to a racially ambiguous face?
a. They drew the face to appear more like the race they were told the person belonged to.
B) They drew the face to appear more recognizably white if told the person was black, and more recognizably black if told the person was white.
C) They drew the face exactly as it appeared on the screen, with no alterations.
D) They drew the face to appear more neutral, without leaning toward any specific race.
B) They drew the face to appear more recognizably white if told the person was black, and more recognizably black if told the person was white
What does the novel Focus by Arthur Miller illustrate about categorization?
a. How categories are created based solely on objective observations.
B) The impact of being categorized by others and how it influences self-perception.
C) The benefits of having a rigid understanding of people’s identities.
D) How a person’s identity can be easily overlooked in a biased society.
B) The impact of being categorized by others and how it influences self-perception.
What happened to Newman after he was perceived as Jewish?
a. He was welcomed by his community and embraced his new identity.
B) He faced discrimination and his life became unhinged due to the societal label placed on him.
C) He successfully convinced everyone that he was not Jewish.
D) He adapted easily to the new identity and began to accept the label.
B) He faced discrimination and his life became unhinged due to the societal label placed on him.
How does categorization relate to bias, according to the author?
a. Categorization is harmless and does not contribute to bias.
B) Categorization can lead to assumptions, aversion, and biased actions toward others.
C) Bias only occurs when people are labeled based on physical traits.
D) Categorization helps eliminate bias by making interactions with others more predictable
B) Categorization can lead to assumptions, aversion, and biased actions toward other
How does the author illustrate the role of categorization in shaping our understanding of the world?
a. By explaining that categorization helps us efficiently process information and make quick decisions.
B) By showing that we categorize only based on external features like race and appearance.
C) By claiming that categorization prevents us from recognizing diversity in people.
D) By arguing that categorization has no effect on our interactions with others.
A) By explaining that categorization helps us efficiently process information and make quick decisions
According to the text, how are categories such as “apples” filled?
a. With information based on our cultural understanding and feelings.
B) With scientific knowledge about the objects in the category.
C) Only with physical characteristics that define the object.
D) With thoughts and perceptions unrelated to emotions.
A) With information based on our cultural understanding and feelings
What is the primary concern with how media portrays black characters?
a. It highlights the diversity of black people
B) It reinforces certain stereotypes by limiting the roles that black characters play
C) It encourages black people to take on leadership roles in society
D) It ensures positive representation for all black individuals
B) It reinforces certain stereotypes by limiting the roles that black characters play
How do preschoolers learn to hold biased views according to the research mentioned?
a. Through direct instructions from their teachers
B) By watching the interactions between adults and how they treat others
C) By playing with children from other races
D) Through media portrayals of children from different races
B) By watching the interactions between adults and how they treat others
What is the impact of media framing on racial bias?
a. It has no impact on how we perceive people of different races
B) It can reinforce stereotypes by using different language and descriptions based on race
C) It only affects how people of color see themselves
D) It helps eliminate racial bias by showing diversity in every role
B) It can reinforce stereotypes by using different language and descriptions based on race
According to the paragraph, how are biases transmitted across generations?
a. Only through direct teaching
B) Through observation of adults’ behavior and the media
C) By children consciously learning about race and bias
D) Through genetic inheritance
B) Through observation of adults’ behavior and the media
What does the example of preschoolers preferring the adult treated well in the video demonstrate?
a.)Preschoolers have no biases
B) Preschoolers learn to associate how people are treated with their goodness or badness
C) Preschoolers automatically favor people who look like them
D) Preschoolers prefer the person who is more authoritative
B) Preschoolers learn to associate how people are treated with their goodness or badness
What does the passage suggest is necessary to reduce bias in society?
a. Only individual efforts to be aware of bias
B) A cultural shift to challenge stereotypes in media, education, and social structures
C) Complete removal of media portrayals of different races
D) Ignoring the issue of bias and assuming it will resolve on its own
B) A cultural shift to challenge stereotypes in media, education, and social structures
What does the author suggest about the influence of media on children’s self-esteem?
a)It has no impact on their self-esteem
B) Negative portrayals of black people can lead to lower self-esteem in children of color
C) It boosts self-esteem by showing diverse representations of black people
D) Media has a neutral impact on self-esteem, regardless of race
B) Negative portrayals of black people can lead to lower self-esteem in children of color
