Chapter 2: Nuclear Chemistry Flashcards
What is nuclear fusion?
Nuclear fusion is the process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
What is nuclear fission?
Nuclear fission is the process where a heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei, accompanied by the release of energy.
True or False: Fusion reactions occur in the sun.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary fuel for nuclear fission in power plants is _____ .
uranium-235
What are radioisotopes?
Radioisotopes are isotopes of elements that are radioactive and decay over time, emitting radiation.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common application of radioisotopes? A) Food preservation B) Medical imaging C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is the main product of fusion reactions in stars?
Helium
True or False: Fission can occur spontaneously without external influence.
False
Fill in the blank: The process of a nucleus emitting an alpha particle is known as _____ .
alpha decay
What is the role of a moderator in a nuclear reactor?
To slow down neutrons to sustain the fission chain reaction.
Multiple choice: Which particle is released during beta decay? A) Proton B) Neutron C) Electron
C) Electron
What is a chain reaction in nuclear fission?
A series of reactions where the products of one reaction initiate subsequent reactions.
True or False: Tritium is a stable isotope of hydrogen.
False
Fill in the blank: The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time required for _____ of the substance to decay.
half
What type of radiation is most penetrating?
Gamma radiation
Multiple choice: What is the primary waste product of nuclear fission? A) Carbon dioxide B) Radioactive isotopes C) Water
B) Radioactive isotopes
What is the primary challenge of nuclear fusion for energy production?
Achieving and maintaining the extremely high temperatures and pressures required.
True or False: Neutron activation is a method used to produce radioisotopes.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of nuclear fusion releases energy due to the _____ of mass.
conversion
What is the primary use of cobalt-60 in medicine?
Radiation therapy for cancer treatment.
Multiple choice: Which type of decay involves the emission of a positron? A) Alpha decay B) Beta decay C) Gamma decay
B) Beta decay
What is the significance of the binding energy in nuclear reactions?
It indicates the stability of a nucleus; higher binding energy means a more stable nucleus.
True or False: Nuclear fusion generates more energy than nuclear fission.
True
Fill in the blank: The isotope used in nuclear reactors for fuel is commonly _____ .
uranium-235
