Chapter 2: Nomenclature Flashcards
What is a functional group?
A small collection of atoms in a molecule that determines its chemical reactivity and properties
What are the four types of functional groups that contain only C and H?
Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Arene (Aromatic compounds).
What functional groups contain oxygen?
Alcohol, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Ester, Anhydride.
What functional groups contain nitrogen?
Amine, Amide, Nitrile, Nitro group.
What functional groups contain halogens?
Alkyl halide
What functional groups contain a carbonyl (C=O) group?
Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Ester, Amide, Acid Halide, Anhydride.
What functional group is present in CH₃CH₂OH?
Alcohol (-OH)
What functional group is present in CH₃COCH₃?
Ketone (C=O in the middle of a chain).
What functional group is present in HCOOH?
Carboxylic Acid (-COOH).
What functional group is present in CH₃CH₂NH₂?
Amine (-NH₂).
What functional group is present in CH₃CH₂COOCH₃?
Ester (-COO-).
What functional group is absent in benzene?
Alkene (though benzene has double bonds, they are delocalized in an aromatic ring).
What are the four parts of an IUPAC name?
Prefix, Parent, Locant, Suffix.
What does the “parent” part of a name indicate?
The longest continuous carbon chain.
What does the “prefix” part of a name indicate?
Substituents (e.g., methyl, ethyl, chloro).
What does the “locant” indicate?
The position of the functional group or substituent on the carbon chain.
What does the “suffix” indicate?
The main functional group in the molecule.
What is the suffix for an alkane?
“-ane” (e.g., methane, ethane).
What is the suffix for an alkene?
“-ene” (e.g., ethene, propene).
What is the suffix for an alkyne?
“-yne” (e.g., ethyne, propyne).
What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid?
“-oic acid” (e.g., ethanoic acid).
What is the suffix for an ester?
“-oate” (e.g., ethyl ethanoate).
What is the parent name for a 7-carbon alkane?
Heptane (C₇H₁₆).
What is the parent name for a 5-carbon cycloalkane?
Cyclopentane (C₅H₁₀).
What is the correct name for CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃?
Butane.
What is the correct name for a four-carbon cyclic alkane?
Cyclobutane.
How do you number the carbon chain when naming an alkane?
Start from the end nearest to the first substituent to give the lowest possible numbers.
What is an alkyl group?
A group derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen (e.g., methyl, ethyl).
What is the difference between an isopropyl and a sec-butyl group?
Isopropyl (-CH(CH₃)₂) is derived from propane, while sec-butyl (-CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃) is derived from butane.
What are the prefixes for halogen substituents?
Fluoro (F), Chloro (Cl), Bromo (Br), Iodo (I).
What are the prefixes for ether substituents?
Methoxy (-OCH₃), Ethoxy (-OCH₂CH₃).
How do you prioritize functional groups when naming a compound?
The group with the highest priority gets the suffix, and lower-priority groups are written as prefixes.
Which functional group has the highest priority in nomenclature?
Carboxylic Acid (-COOH).
Which functional groups do not need a locant in their names?
Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes, Amides, Nitriles.
How do you number the parent chain when multiple substituents are present?
Number the chain to give the lowest possible numbers to the highest priority functional group.
What is the parent name for benzene with a methyl group?
Toluene
What is the prefix for a benzene ring acting as a substituent?
Phenyl (C₆H₅-).
What is the prefix for a benzyl group (-CH₂C₆H₅)?
Benzyl (Bn-).
What are the three types of disubstituted benzene orientations?
Ortho (1,2-), Meta (1,3-), Para (1,4-).
How are esters named?
The alkyl group attached to oxygen is named first, followed by the carboxylate name (e.g., ethyl ethanoate).
How are amines named?
Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen are named first with an “N-“ prefix (e.g., N-methylpropylamine).
How are alkynes named?
The suffix “-yne” is used, with numbering indicating the triple bond position (e.g., pent-2-yne).
How are cycloalkenes named?
The double bond position is always given the lowest number possible in the ring (e.g., cyclohex-1-ene).
