Chapter 2: Neurophysiology Flashcards
What three things does the ANS innervate
Smooth Muscle, Glands and Cardiac Muscle
What three things does the ANS innervate
Smooth Muscle, Glands and Cardiac Muscle
What does the somatic NS innervate ?
Skeletal muscle
What are the three division of the ANS ?
Sym., Parasympathetic and Enteric
Where are the autonomic ganglia for Parasympathetic nerves ?
Near the effector organ (very long presynaptic axons)
Where are the autonomic ganglia for sympathetic nerves ?
They are in the Paravertebral Ganglia
Where do cell bodies of sympathetic nerves originate ?
T1-L3 (thoracolumbar region)
Where do the cell bodies of the Parasympathetic Nerves come from ?
Cranial Nerves and Cell of S2-4
What cells do preganglionics synapse on in the adrenal medulla ?
Chromaffin Cells
What are the two major substances secreted by the chromaffin cells ?
Epi (80%), NE (20%)
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the Adrenal Medulla and can be diagnosed by increased ______ in the blood and urine.
Vanillamandelic Acid (VMA)
Adrenergic neurons release
NE
Cholinergic neurons release
ACh
Certain post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons release Substance P, VIP and NO. Where are these neurons located ?
In the GI Tract
What NT is release by both Sympathetic and Parasymphathetic pre-synaptic neurons ?
ACh
What receptor type is present in the ganglion of both post-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia ?
Nicotinic
Nicotinic Receptors are : GPCR’s or Gated Ion Channels ?
Gated Ion Channels (Na+)
The NT released by Post-synaptic sympathetic neurons to their target organ is…
NE
The NT released by Post-synaptic Parasympathetic neurons to their target organ is…
ACh
What are the 4 main receptors seen on target organs associated with the Sympathetic NS ?
Alpha 1,2
Beta 1,2
What is the main kind of receptor type seen on effector cells responsive to Parasympathetic neurons ?
Muscarinic (1,2,3)
Which adrenergic receptor is associated with Gq ?
Alpha 1 ( Phospholipase C Leads to an Increase in IP3/DAG)
“Alpha Males are shown in GQ magazine”
Which adrenergic receptor is associated with Gi ?
Alpha II (Decreases cAMP)
“Second Alphas are ‘I’nferior to Alpha 1’s”
Beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptors are associated with which GPCR ?
Gs (Increased cAMP)