Chapter 2 muscles Flashcards
supraspinatus
O: scapula-supraspinous fossa
I: humerus- superior facet of the greater tubercle
N: suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)
A: initiates abduction
infraspinatus
O: scapula-infraspinous fossa
I: humerus-middle facet of greater tubercle
N: suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)
A: external rotation
Teres minor
O: scapula-lateral
I: humerus-inferior facet of the greater tubercle
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: external rotation, weak adduction
Subscapularis
O: scapula-subscapular fossa
I: humerus- lesser tubercle
N: subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
A: internal rotation (resist upward pull of deltoid on glenoid cavity)
what are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres minor
Subscapularis
Teres major
O: scapula (inferior angle)
I: crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus
N: lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)
A: internal rotation, adduction, extension
deltoid-clavicular part (anterior deltoid)
O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
I: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: flexion, internal rotation, adduction
deltoid-acromial part (middle deltoid)
O: acromion
I: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: abduction
deltoid-spinal part (posterior deltoid)
O: scapular spine
I: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: extension, external rotation, adduction
latsissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapula
OINA review
pectoralis major- clavicular part
O: clavicle (medial half)
I: humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
N: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A: entire muscle-adduction, internal rotation
clavicular part: flexion; assist in respiration when shoulder is fixed
pectoralis major -sternocostal part
O: sternum and costal cartilages 1-6
I: humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A: entire muscle: adduction, internal rotation
sternocostal part: flexion, assist in respiration when shoulder is fixed
pectoralis major-abdominal part
O: rectus sheath (anterior layer)
I: humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A: entire muscle-adduction, internal rotation
pectoralis minor
O: 3rd to 5th ribs I: coracoid process N: medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1) A: draws scapula downward, causing inferior angle to move posteromedially; rotates glenoid inferiorly; assists in respiration
serratus anterior- superior part
O: 1st to 9th ribs
I: scapula (medial border)
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: superior part- lowers the raised arm
serratus anterior -intermediate part
O: 1st to 9th ribs
I: scapula (medial border)
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: entire muscle-draws scapula laterally forward; elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed
serratus anterior-inferior part
O: 1st to 9th ribs
I: Scapula (medial border)
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: inferior part-rotates scapula laterally
subclavius
O: 1st rib
I: clavicle (inferior surface)
N: nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
A: steadies the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint
scalene posterior
O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7
I: 2nd rib (outer surface)
N: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus (C3-C8)
A: ribs mobile- elevate upper ribs (during forced inspiration)
ribs fixed- BILATERALLY: flexes neck;
UNILATERALLY: bends cervical spine to same side
scalene middle
O: C1-C2 transverse processes; posterior tubercles of transverse tubercles of transverse processes
I: 1st rib, posterior to the groove for subclavian artery
N: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus (C3-C8)
A: ribs mobile- elevate upper ribs (during forced inspiration)
ribs fixed- BILATERALLY: flexes neck;
UNILATERALLY: bends cervical spine to same side
scalene anterior
O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6
I: scalene tubercles of 1st rib
N: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus (C3-C8)
A: ribs mobile- elevate upper ribs (during forced inspiration)
ribs fixed- BILATERALLY: flexes neck;
UNILATERALLY: bends cervical spine to same side
biceps brachii long head
O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula I: radial tuberosity N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) A: elbow joint- flexion; supination shoulder joint- flexion; stabilization of humeral head during deltoid contraction; abduction and internal rotation of the humerus
biceps brachii short head
O: coracoid process of scapula I: radial tuberosity N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) A: elbow joint- flexion; supination shoulder joint- flexion; stabilization of humeral head during deltoid contraction; abduction and internal rotation of the humerus
choracobrachialis
O: scapula (coracoid process)
I: humerus (in line with crest of lesser tuberosity)
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
A: flexion, adduction, internal rotation
brachialis
O: humerus (distal half of anterior surface)
I: ulnar tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) and radial nerve (C7, minor)
A: flexion at the elbow joint
triceps brachii long head
O: scapula (infraglenoid tubercle) I: olecranon of ulna N: radial nerve (C6-C8) A: elbow joint- extension shoulder joint, long head- extension and adduction
triceps brachii medial head
O: posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove; medial intermuscular septum
I: olecranon of ulna
N: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: elbow joint- extension
triceps brachii lateral head
O: posterior humerus, proximal to radial groove; lateral intermuscular septum
I: olecrenon of ulna
N: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: elbow joint
brachioradialis
O: distal humerus (distal surface), lateral intermuscular septum I: styloid process of the radius N: radial nerve (C5, C6) A: elbow-flexion forearm-semipronation
extensor carpi radialis longus
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum I: base of 2nd metacarpal N: radial nerve (C6, C7) A: elbow- weak flexion wrist- extension and abduction
extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of 3rd metacarpal N: radial nerve (C7, C8) A: elbow-weak flexion wrist- extension
extensor digitorum
O: common head (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
I: dorsal digital expansion of 2nd to 5th digits
N: radial nerve (C7,C8)
A: wrist-extension
MCP, PIP, and DIP of 2nd to 5th digits- extension/abduction of fingers
extensor digiti minimi
O: common head (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
I: dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension, ulnar abduction of hand
MCP, PIP, and DIP of 5th digit-extension and abduction of 5th digit
extensor carpi ulnaris
O: common head (lateral epicondyle of humerus), ulnar head (dorsal surface)
I: base of 5th metacarpal
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension, adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand
abductor pollicis longus
O: radius and ulna (dorsal surfaces, interosseous membrane)
I: base of 1st metacarpal
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: radiocarpal joint- abduction of the hand
carpometacarpal joint of thumb- abduction
extensor pollicis brevis
O: radius (posterior surface) and interosseous membrane
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: radiocarpal joint- abduction (radial deviation) of hand
carpometacarpal and MCP of thumb- extension
extensor pollicis longus
O: ulna (posterior surface) and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension and abduction (radial deviation) of hand
carpometacarpal of thumb- adduction
MCP and IP of thumb: extension
extensor indicis
O: ulna (posterior surface) and interosseous membrane
I: posterior digital extension of 2nd digit
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension
MCP, PIP, and DIP of 2nd digit- extension
supinator
O: olecranon, lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of radius
I: radius between radial tuberosity and insertion of pronator teres)
N: radius nerve (C6, C7)
A: radioulnar joints-supination
Pronator teres
O: humeral head-medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head-coronoid process
I: lateral radius (distal to supinator insertion)
N: median nerve (C6, C7)
A: elbow- weak flexor
forearm-pronation
flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal (variance: base of 3rd metacarpal)
N: median nerve (C6, C7)
A: wrist- flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of hand
palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: palmar aponeurosis N: median nerve (C7, C8) A: elbow- weak flexion wrist- flexion tightens palmar aponeurosis
flexor carpi ulnaris
O: humeral head- medial epicondyle
ulnar head- olecranon
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
N: ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
A: wrist- flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand
what are the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
O: humeral-ulnar head -medial epicondyle of humerus
radial head- upper half of anterior border of radius
I: sides of middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits
N: median nerve (C8, T1)
A: elbow-weak flexor
wrist, MCP, and PIP joints of 2nd to 5th digits- flexion
what are the intermediate muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor pollicis longus
O: radius (midanterior surface) and adjacent interosseous membrane)
I: distal phalanx of thumb (palmar surface)
N: median nerve (C8, T1)
A: wrist- flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of hand
carpometacarpal of thumb- flexion
MCP and IP of thumb- flexion
flexor digitorum profundus
O: ulna (proximal 2/3 of flexor surface) and interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits (palmar surface)
N: median nerve (C8, T1) and ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP of 2nd to 5th digits- flexion
pronator quadrates
O: distal quarter of ulna (anterior surface)
I: distal quarter of radius (anterior surface)
N: median nerve (C8, T1)
A: wrist-pronation
distal radioulnar joint- stabilization
abductor pollicis brevis
O: scaphoid bone and trapezium, flexor retinaculum
I: thumb (base of proximal phalange) via the radial sesamoid
N: median nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb- abduction
flexor pollicis brevis -superficial head
O: flexor retinaculum
I: thumb (base of proximal phalanx) via the radial sesamoid
N: median nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb- flexion
flexor pollicis brevis -deep head
O: capitate bone, trapezium
I: thumb (base of proximal phalanx) via the radial sesamoid
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb- flexion
opponens pollicis
O: trapezium
I: first metacarpal (radial border)
N: median nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb: opposition
what are the thenar muscles?
adductor pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
abductor digiti minimi
O: pisiform bone
I: 5th proximal phalanx (ulnar base) and dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: MCP joint of little finger- flexion and abduction of little finger
PIP and DIP joints of little finger- extension
flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: 5th proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: MCP joint of little finger-flexion
opponens digiti minimi
O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: 5th metacarpal (ulnar border)
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: draws metacarpal in palmar direction (opposition)
what are the hypothenar muscles?
opponens digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
abductor digiti minimi
palmaris brevis
lumbricals-1
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (radial sides) I: 2nd digit (dde) N: median nerve C8,T1 A: (2nd to 5th digits) MCP joints- flexion proximal and distal IP joints- extension
lumbricals-2
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (radial sides) I: 3rd digit (dde) N: median nerve C8,T1 A: (2nd to 5th digits) MCP joints- flexion proximal and distal IP joints- extension
lumbricals-3
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (bipennate form medial and lateral sides) I: 4th digit (dde) N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) A: (2nd to 5th digits) MCP joints- flexion proximal and distal IP joints- extension
lumbricals-4
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (bipennate from medial nad lateral sides) I: 5th digit (dde) N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) A: (2nd to 5th digits) MCP joints- flexion proximal and distal IP joints- extension
dorsal interossei-1
O: 1st and 2nd metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 2nd digit (dde) and 2nd proximal phalanx (radial side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit
dorsal interossei -2
O: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 3rd digit (dde) and 3rd proximal phalanx (radial side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit
dorsal interossei- 3
O: 3rd and 4th metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 3rd digit (dde) and 3rd proximal phalanx (ulnar side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit
dorsal interossei-4
O: 4th and 5th metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 4th digit (dde) and 4th proximal phalanx (ulnar side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit
palmar interossei-1
O: 2nd metacarpal (ulnar side)
I: 2nd digit (dde) and 2nd proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd, 4th, and 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
Proximal and distal IP joints- extension and adduction towards 3rd digit
palmar interossei -2
O: 4th metacarpal (ulnar side)
I: 4th digit (dde) and 4th proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd, 4th, and 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
Proximal and distal IP joints- extension and adduction towards 3rd digit
palmar interossei-3
O: 5th metacarpal (ulnar side)
I: 4th digit (dde) and 4th proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd, 4th, and 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
Proximal and distal IP joints- extension and adduction towards 3rd digit
