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my gross anatomy exam 2 > Chapter 2 muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 2 muscles Flashcards

1
Q

supraspinatus

A

O: scapula-supraspinous fossa
I: humerus- superior facet of the greater tubercle
N: suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)
A: initiates abduction

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2
Q

infraspinatus

A

O: scapula-infraspinous fossa
I: humerus-middle facet of greater tubercle
N: suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)
A: external rotation

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3
Q

Teres minor

A

O: scapula-lateral
I: humerus-inferior facet of the greater tubercle
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: external rotation, weak adduction

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4
Q

Subscapularis

A

O: scapula-subscapular fossa
I: humerus- lesser tubercle
N: subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
A: internal rotation (resist upward pull of deltoid on glenoid cavity)

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5
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres minor
Subscapularis

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6
Q

Teres major

A

O: scapula (inferior angle)
I: crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus
N: lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)
A: internal rotation, adduction, extension

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7
Q

deltoid-clavicular part (anterior deltoid)

A

O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
I: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: flexion, internal rotation, adduction

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8
Q

deltoid-acromial part (middle deltoid)

A

O: acromion
I: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: abduction

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9
Q

deltoid-spinal part (posterior deltoid)

A

O: scapular spine
I: humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
A: extension, external rotation, adduction

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10
Q

latsissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapula

A

OINA review

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11
Q

pectoralis major- clavicular part

A

O: clavicle (medial half)
I: humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
N: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A: entire muscle-adduction, internal rotation
clavicular part: flexion; assist in respiration when shoulder is fixed

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12
Q

pectoralis major -sternocostal part

A

O: sternum and costal cartilages 1-6
I: humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A: entire muscle: adduction, internal rotation
sternocostal part: flexion, assist in respiration when shoulder is fixed

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13
Q

pectoralis major-abdominal part

A

O: rectus sheath (anterior layer)
I: humerus (crest of greater tubercle)
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A: entire muscle-adduction, internal rotation

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14
Q

pectoralis minor

A 
O: 3rd to 5th ribs 
I: coracoid process
N: medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)
A: draws scapula downward, causing inferior angle to move posteromedially; 
rotates glenoid inferiorly; 
assists in respiration
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15
Q

serratus anterior- superior part

A

O: 1st to 9th ribs
I: scapula (medial border)
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: superior part- lowers the raised arm

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16
Q

serratus anterior -intermediate part

A

O: 1st to 9th ribs
I: scapula (medial border)
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: entire muscle-draws scapula laterally forward; elevates ribs when shoulder is fixed

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17
Q

serratus anterior-inferior part

A

O: 1st to 9th ribs
I: Scapula (medial border)
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
A: inferior part-rotates scapula laterally

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18
Q

subclavius

A

O: 1st rib
I: clavicle (inferior surface)
N: nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
A: steadies the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint

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18
Q

scalene posterior

A

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C5-C7
I: 2nd rib (outer surface)
N: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus (C3-C8)
A: ribs mobile- elevate upper ribs (during forced inspiration)
ribs fixed- BILATERALLY: flexes neck;
UNILATERALLY: bends cervical spine to same side

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19
Q

scalene middle

A

O: C1-C2 transverse processes; posterior tubercles of transverse tubercles of transverse processes
I: 1st rib, posterior to the groove for subclavian artery
N: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus (C3-C8)
A: ribs mobile- elevate upper ribs (during forced inspiration)
ribs fixed- BILATERALLY: flexes neck;
UNILATERALLY: bends cervical spine to same side

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20
Q

scalene anterior

A

O: anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6
I: scalene tubercles of 1st rib
N: direct branches from cervical and brachial plexus (C3-C8)
A: ribs mobile- elevate upper ribs (during forced inspiration)
ribs fixed- BILATERALLY: flexes neck;
UNILATERALLY: bends cervical spine to same side

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21
Q

biceps brachii long head

A 
O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula 
I: radial tuberosity 
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
A: elbow joint- flexion; supination 
shoulder joint- flexion; stabilization of humeral head during deltoid contraction; abduction and internal rotation of the humerus
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22
Q

biceps brachii short head

A 
O: coracoid process of scapula
I: radial tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
A: elbow joint- flexion; supination
shoulder joint- flexion; stabilization of humeral head during deltoid contraction; abduction and internal rotation of the humerus
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23
Q

choracobrachialis

A

O: scapula (coracoid process)
I: humerus (in line with crest of lesser tuberosity)
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
A: flexion, adduction, internal rotation

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24
Q

brachialis

A

O: humerus (distal half of anterior surface)
I: ulnar tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) and radial nerve (C7, minor)
A: flexion at the elbow joint

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25
Q

triceps brachii long head

A 
O: scapula (infraglenoid tubercle)
I: olecranon of ulna
N: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: elbow joint- extension
shoulder joint, long head- extension and adduction
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26
Q

triceps brachii medial head

A

O: posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove; medial intermuscular septum
I: olecranon of ulna
N: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: elbow joint- extension

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27
Q

triceps brachii lateral head

A

O: posterior humerus, proximal to radial groove; lateral intermuscular septum
I: olecrenon of ulna
N: radial nerve (C6-C8)
A: elbow joint

28
Q

brachioradialis

A 
O: distal humerus (distal surface), lateral intermuscular septum
I: styloid process of the radius 
N: radial nerve (C5, C6)
A: elbow-flexion
forearm-semipronation
29
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A 
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
I: base of 2nd metacarpal 
N: radial nerve (C6, C7)
A: elbow- weak flexion
wrist- extension and abduction
30
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A 
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus 
I: base of 3rd metacarpal 
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: elbow-weak flexion
wrist- extension
31
Q

extensor digitorum

A

O: common head (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
I: dorsal digital expansion of 2nd to 5th digits
N: radial nerve (C7,C8)
A: wrist-extension
MCP, PIP, and DIP of 2nd to 5th digits- extension/abduction of fingers

32
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

O: common head (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
I: dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension, ulnar abduction of hand
MCP, PIP, and DIP of 5th digit-extension and abduction of 5th digit

33
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

O: common head (lateral epicondyle of humerus), ulnar head (dorsal surface)
I: base of 5th metacarpal
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension, adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand

34
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

O: radius and ulna (dorsal surfaces, interosseous membrane)
I: base of 1st metacarpal
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: radiocarpal joint- abduction of the hand
carpometacarpal joint of thumb- abduction

35
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

O: radius (posterior surface) and interosseous membrane
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: radiocarpal joint- abduction (radial deviation) of hand
carpometacarpal and MCP of thumb- extension

36
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

O: ulna (posterior surface) and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension and abduction (radial deviation) of hand
carpometacarpal of thumb- adduction
MCP and IP of thumb: extension

37
Q

extensor indicis

A

O: ulna (posterior surface) and interosseous membrane
I: posterior digital extension of 2nd digit
N: radial nerve (C7, C8)
A: wrist- extension
MCP, PIP, and DIP of 2nd digit- extension

38
Q

supinator

A

O: olecranon, lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of radius
I: radius between radial tuberosity and insertion of pronator teres)
N: radius nerve (C6, C7)
A: radioulnar joints-supination

39
Q

Pronator teres

A

O: humeral head-medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head-coronoid process
I: lateral radius (distal to supinator insertion)
N: median nerve (C6, C7)
A: elbow- weak flexor
forearm-pronation

40
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal (variance: base of 3rd metacarpal)
N: median nerve (C6, C7)
A: wrist- flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of hand

41
Q

palmaris longus

A 
O: medial epicondyle of humerus 
I: palmar aponeurosis 
N: median nerve (C7, C8) 
A: elbow- weak flexion
wrist- flexion tightens palmar aponeurosis
42
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

O: humeral head- medial epicondyle
ulnar head- olecranon
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
N: ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
A: wrist- flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand

43
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

44
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

O: humeral-ulnar head -medial epicondyle of humerus
radial head- upper half of anterior border of radius
I: sides of middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits
N: median nerve (C8, T1)
A: elbow-weak flexor
wrist, MCP, and PIP joints of 2nd to 5th digits- flexion

45
Q

what are the intermediate muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

46
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

O: radius (midanterior surface) and adjacent interosseous membrane)
I: distal phalanx of thumb (palmar surface)
N: median nerve (C8, T1)
A: wrist- flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of hand
carpometacarpal of thumb- flexion
MCP and IP of thumb- flexion

47
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

O: ulna (proximal 2/3 of flexor surface) and interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits (palmar surface)
N: median nerve (C8, T1) and ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP of 2nd to 5th digits- flexion

48
Q

pronator quadrates

A

O: distal quarter of ulna (anterior surface)
I: distal quarter of radius (anterior surface)
N: median nerve (C8, T1)
A: wrist-pronation
distal radioulnar joint- stabilization

49
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

O: scaphoid bone and trapezium, flexor retinaculum
I: thumb (base of proximal phalange) via the radial sesamoid
N: median nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb- abduction

50
Q

flexor pollicis brevis -superficial head

A

O: flexor retinaculum
I: thumb (base of proximal phalanx) via the radial sesamoid
N: median nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb- flexion

51
Q

flexor pollicis brevis -deep head

A

O: capitate bone, trapezium
I: thumb (base of proximal phalanx) via the radial sesamoid
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb- flexion

52
Q

opponens pollicis

A

O: trapezium
I: first metacarpal (radial border)
N: median nerve C8, T1
A: CMC joint of thumb: opposition

53
Q

what are the thenar muscles?

A

adductor pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

54
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

O: pisiform bone
I: 5th proximal phalanx (ulnar base) and dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: MCP joint of little finger- flexion and abduction of little finger
PIP and DIP joints of little finger- extension

55
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: 5th proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: MCP joint of little finger-flexion

56
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A

O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: 5th metacarpal (ulnar border)
N: ulnar nerve C8, T1
A: draws metacarpal in palmar direction (opposition)

57
Q

what are the hypothenar muscles?

A

opponens digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
abductor digiti minimi
palmaris brevis

58
Q

lumbricals-1

A 
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (radial sides)
I: 2nd digit (dde)
N: median nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd to 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension
59
Q

lumbricals-2

A 
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (radial sides)
I: 3rd digit (dde)
N: median nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd to 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension
60
Q

lumbricals-3

A 
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (bipennate form medial and lateral sides)
I: 4th digit (dde)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension
61
Q

lumbricals-4

A 
O: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (bipennate from medial nad lateral sides)
I: 5th digit (dde)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension
62
Q

dorsal interossei-1

A

O: 1st and 2nd metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 2nd digit (dde) and 2nd proximal phalanx (radial side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit

63
Q

dorsal interossei -2

A

O: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 3rd digit (dde) and 3rd proximal phalanx (radial side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit

64
Q

dorsal interossei- 3

A

O: 3rd and 4th metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 3rd digit (dde) and 3rd proximal phalanx (ulnar side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit

65
Q

dorsal interossei-4

A

O: 4th and 5th metacarpals (adjacent sides, two heads)
I: 4th digit (dde) and 4th proximal phalanx (ulnar side)
N: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
A: (2nd to 4th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
proximal and distal IP joints- extension and abduction from 3rd digit

66
Q

palmar interossei-1

A

O: 2nd metacarpal (ulnar side)
I: 2nd digit (dde) and 2nd proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd, 4th, and 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
Proximal and distal IP joints- extension and adduction towards 3rd digit

67
Q

palmar interossei -2

A

O: 4th metacarpal (ulnar side)
I: 4th digit (dde) and 4th proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd, 4th, and 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
Proximal and distal IP joints- extension and adduction towards 3rd digit

68
Q

palmar interossei-3

A

O: 5th metacarpal (ulnar side)
I: 4th digit (dde) and 4th proximal phalanx (base)
N: ulnar nerve C8,T1
A: (2nd, 4th, and 5th digits)
MCP joints- flexion
Proximal and distal IP joints- extension and adduction towards 3rd digit

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