Chapter 2 (Microorganisms Friend And Foe) Flashcards
What are microorganisms?
Microorganisms are very small living organisms that are not visible to the naked eye and can only be observed with a magnifying glass or microscope.
Where can you find microorganisms?
Microorganisms are present everywhere around us, from ice cold climates to hot springs, deserts, marshy lands, and even in the air.
What are the types of microorganisms?
Microorganisms can be divided into five major groups: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae.
Do all microorganisms cause diseases?
Not all microorganisms cause diseases. Some microorganisms have beneficial effects.
What is microbiology?
Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms.
What is the mode of transmission for chicken pox?
Air, direct contact
Example sentence: Vaccination and wearing a mask can help prevent the spread of chicken pox.
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Water
Example sentence: Hepatitis A can be transmitted through contaminated water sources.
How is measles transmitted
Through air
What are some examples of diseases caused by viruses?
Measles, AIDS, common cold, influenza, corona
Viruses cause a number of diseases in humans.
How do viruses derive their nutrition?
They derive their nutrition from the host cell
Viruses get their nutrition from the host cell.
What is the structure of a virus?
The viral body consists of a nuclear core with DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat known as capsid
Viruses have a core with genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
Where are viruses found?
They are found in air, water, soil, and living organisms
Viruses can be found in various environments including air, water, soil, and living organisms.
How do viruses appear outside the host body?
They appear as crystalline structures outside the host body but are microscopic organisms
Viruses can appear crystalline but are actually microscopic.
Diseases in plants caused by viruses
Several plant diseases such as tobacco mosaic, dwarf mosaic of maize, yellow vein mosaic of okra etc., are caused by viruses.
Example: Tobacco mosaic virus causes mosaic disease in tobacco plants.
Diseases in animals caused by viruses
Foot and mouth disease of cattle, pigs and hoofed animals, canine hepatitis in dogs and cats are all viral diseases.
Example: Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals.
Bacteriophage
Viruses infecting bacteria are known as bacteriophages.
Example: T4 bacteriophage infects E. coli bacteria.
Vaccine production by viruses
Vaccines are produced from viruses for polio, small pox, chicken pox, measles, etc.
Example: The measles vaccine contains a weakened form of the measles virus to stimulate the immune system.
Bacteria structure
Bacteria are unicellular organisms having a prokaryotic structure i.e., they do not contain true nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus like eukaryotic cells.
Bacteria locomotion
They possess flagella for movement.
Flagella are long, whip-like appendages that help bacteria move in liquid environments.
Diseases in plants caused by viruses
Several plant diseases such as tobacco mosaic, dwarf mosaic of maize, yellow vein mosaic of okra etc., are caused by viruses.
Example: Tobacco mosaic virus causes mosaic disease in tobacco plants.
Diseases in animals caused by viruses
Foot and mouth disease of cattle, pigs and hoofed animals, canine hepatitis in dogs and cats are all viral diseases.
Example: Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals.
Bacteriophage
Viruses infecting bacteria are known as bacteriophages.
Example: T4 bacteriophage infects E. coli bacteria.
Vaccine production by viruses
Vaccines are produced from viruses for polio, small pox, chicken pox, measles, etc.
Example: The measles vaccine contains a weakened form of the measles virus to stimulate the immune system.
Bacteria structure
Bacteria are unicellular organisms having a prokaryotic structure i.e., they do not contain true nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus like eukaryotic cells.
