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Business Of Medicine > Chapter 2 Medterm And Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Medterm And Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Toward the front of the body.

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2
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Toward the back of the body.

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3
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle line of body.

Think middle of belly

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4
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side of the body.

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5
Q

Promixal

A

Nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point.

Example: approximately

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6
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point.

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7
Q

Superior

A

Above; toward the head

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8
Q

Inferior

A

Below; toward the lower end of the spine.

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9
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface of the body.

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10
Q

Deep

A

Closer to the center of the body

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11
Q

Sagittal

A

Cuts through the midline of the body from front to back dividing the body into right and left sections.

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12
Q

Frontal

A

Cuts a right angle to the midline, from side to side, dividing the body into front and back.

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13
Q

Transverse (horizontal) (axial)

A

Cuts horizontally through the body,separating the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections.

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14
Q

The cell is?

A

The basic unit of all living things

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15
Q

Connective tissue is divided into four general group

A

Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood.

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16
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Line the interior wall of the organs.

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17
Q

Serous membranes

A

Lines cavities

Lungs are covered by pleura

Heart is covered by pericardium

Peritoneum lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs within.

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18
Q

Synovial membranes

A

Lines joints

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19
Q

Meninges

A

Composed of three connective tissue membranes.

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

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20
Q

Cutaneous membranes

A

Skin

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21
Q

Epidermis

A

Is composed of four to five layers.

Top layer of skin

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22
Q

Dermis

A

Located under the epidermis it has two layers.

Dermis contains vessels, lymphs, nerves, glands and hair follicles.

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23
Q

Subcutaneous (hypodermis)

A

Not considered a layer of skin

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24
Q

Musculoskeletal system is a system of

A

muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments that provide movement, form, strength, heat production, and protection

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25
Q

Bones

A

Form the skeleton, support the body, and protect vital organs.

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26
Q

Long tubular

A

Named for their elongated shape.

Ex: femur and humerus

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27
Q

Short or cuboidal

A

Cube shaped bones found in the carpal bones and tarsal bones

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28
Q

Sesamoid

A

Short bone formed within the tendons, such as patella

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29
Q

Flat

A

Layer of Spongy bone found in between ribs, skull.

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30
Q

Irregular

A

Zygoma, vertebrae

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31
Q

Closed fracture

A

Doesn’t break through the skin

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32
Q

Open/compound

A

Comes through the skin

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33
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

More than 2 separate bone components

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34
Q

Axial skeleton

A
  • Skull
  • hyoid
  • ribs
  • sternum
  • vertebrae
  • sacrum
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35
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A
  • Shoulder girdle
  • pelvic girdle
  • extremities
36
Q

Three type of joints:

A
  • fibrous
  • cartilaginous
  • synovial
37
Q

Three types of blood vessels:

A
  • Arteries
  • veins
  • capillaries
38
Q

Most Arteries carry:

A

Oxygenated blood away from the heart.

39
Q

Most veins carry:

A

Deoxygenated blood back to the heart

40
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny vessels

41
Q

The heart is composed of three layers:

A

Epicardium - outer layer of heart.

Myocardium - main muscle.

Endocardium - the inner lining.

42
Q

RSCA

A

Right cubclavian artery

43
Q

RCA

A

Right carotid artery

44
Q

LCA

A

Left carotid artery

45
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Find the interior walls of the organs. Such as those of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems

46
Q

Serous membranes

A

Lines cavities including the thoracic cavity and internal organs.

47
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Line joint cavities and are composed of connective tissue’s they secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity so that bones can move freely

48
Q

Meninges

A

Composed of three connective tissue membranes found within the dorsal cavity and serve as a protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.

Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

49
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

The skin

50
Q

The five body cavities

A
  1. Cranial cavity
  2. Spinal cavity
  3. Thoracic cavity
  4. Abdominal cavity
  5. Pelvic cavity
51
Q

The epidermis is composed of 4 to 5 layers

A
  1. Stratum corneum- outer most layer
  2. Stratum lucidum- clear layer
  3. Stratum granulosum- granular layer of cells
  4. Stratum spinosum- composed of prickle cells
  5. Stratum basale- deepest of 5 layers, made of basal cells
52
Q

The dermis is located just under the epidermis. It has two layers of Stratum.

A

Stratum papillare- thin superficial layer interlocked with the epidermis.

  1. Stratum reticulare- thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue
53
Q

The cell is

A

The basic unit of all living things

54
Q

Connective tissue is divided into four general groups

A
  1. Adipose tissue
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Blood
55
Q

Hair shaft is composed of

A

Medulla, cortex, and cuticle

56
Q

The nail is divided into six specific parts

A
  1. The root
  2. Nail bed
  3. The nail plate
  4. The cuticle
  5. The perionychium
  6. The hyponychium
57
Q

The Mosculoskeletal system is a system of

A

Muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments that provides movement, form, strength, heat production, and protection

58
Q

Long or tubular bone

A

Femur, and humerus

59
Q

Short or cuboidal

A

Cube shaped bones found in the carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of the ankle

60
Q

Sesamoid

A

A short bone formed within the tendons, such as the patella

61
Q

Flat

A

Consists of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone such as the skull and ribs

62
Q

Irregular

A

Zygoma and vertebrae

63
Q

Closed fracture

A

Does not involve a break in the skin

64
Q

Compound fracture

A

Projects through the skin increasing the possibility of infection

65
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

More than two separate bone components- segmental fracture, bony fragments

66
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Breaks the shaft of a bone across the longitudinal axis

67
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent; common in children

68
Q

Spinal fracture

A

Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress

69
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Occurs in the wrist and affects the distal radius bone

70
Q

Compression fracture

A

Occurs in vertebrae and is subject to extreme stress

71
Q

Epiphyseal fracture

A

Occurs where the matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes are dying usually seen in children

72
Q

Three types of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

73
Q

Axial skeleton consist of

A

. Skull

. Hyoid

. Ribs

. Sternum

. Vertebrae

. Sacrum

74
Q

Appendicular skeleton consists of

A

. Shoulder griddle

. pelvic griddle

. extremities

75
Q

There are three types of muscles found in the body.

A
  1. Skeletal muscle: also called striated muscle attached to the skeletal, is voluntary control
  2. Smooth muscle: found in the walls of all of the hollow organs of the body. is considered involuntary

3 cardiac muscle: also called heart muscle; makes up the wall of the heart

76
Q

The human body contains three types of blood vessels

A
  1. Arteries- which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
  2. Veins- carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
  3. Capillaries- tiny vessels facilitate the exchange of fluid, oxygen, nutrients, and waste between local tissues in the bloodstream.
77
Q

The heart is composed of three layers

A
  1. The epicardium is the outer layer of the heart
  2. Myocardium is the main muscle of the heart
  3. Endocardium the inner lining of the heart
78
Q

The respiratory system includes the

A

Nose, and nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi and their smaller branches, the lungs, and alveoli

79
Q

The pharynx is divided into three regions:

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

80
Q

The lymphatic system consists of

A

Thymus, tonsils, spleen, lymphatic vessels

81
Q

Digestive system

A

Mechanically and chemically breaks down food into minuscule or molecular size for absorption into the blood steam and use at the cellular level

82
Q

Four portions of the colon are

A

The ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

83
Q

Ancillary organs also a part of the digestive system are

A

Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

84
Q

The components of the central nervous system (CNS)

A

The brain and spinal cord

The CNS is the command center

85
Q

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes

A

The cranial and spinal nerves

The PNS serves as the communication lines that link all parts of the body to the CNS

86
Q

The endocrine system consists of:

• the endocrine system is comprised of glands, which secrete or excrete chemicals called hormones

A
  • pituitary gland
  • thyroid
  • adrenal gland
  • Testis
  • pineal gland
  • thymus
  • pancreas
  • ovary

Business Of Medicine (3 decks)

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