Chapter 2 Medical Term Flashcards
1
Q
Aerobic
A
The presence of air or oxygen
2
Q
Agonist
A
To enhance an expected response
3
Q
Anaerobic
A
the absence of air or oxygen
4
Q
aniscoria
A
a condition characterized by unequal pupils
5
Q
antagonist
A
to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects
6
Q
anion
A
an ion with a negative charge
7
Q
aphasia
A
inability to or difficulty in speaking
8
Q
apnea
A
the cessation of spontaneous respirations
9
Q
ascites
A
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
10
Q
ataxia
A
failure of muscle coordination
11
Q
atrophy
A
shrinkage of a cell or muscle
12
Q
aura
A
sensation that may precede a migraine or seziure
13
Q
benign
A
nonmalignant, often not problematic
14
Q
bile
A
secreted by thje liver, stored in the gallbladder
15
Q
blebs
A
collection of air between the lung and visceral pleura that can result in spontaneous pneumothrorax
16
Q
bruit
A
an abnormal sound or murmur due to narrowing of the vessel
17
Q
bursa
A
a sac containing synovial fluid that helps ease friction between tendons and bone
18
Q
carcinogens
A
cancer causing agents
19
Q
cartilage
A
smooth and firm connective tissue
20
Q
cation
A
a ion with a positive charge
21
Q
cell
A
basic unit of lifece
22
Q
cerumen
A
ear wax found in ecternal ear canal
23
Q
chyme
A
mass of partially digested food passed from stomach to the duodenum
24
Q
cilia
A
small, hail like structures
25
coma
deep stat of unconciousness, unarousable
26
confabulation
made up stories to fill in gaps of lost memory
27
congenital
present at birth
28
contrecoup
occurs at a site opposite of side of impact
29
crepitus
a grating sound or sensation often caused by bone on bone rubbing or with inflammation in joints
30
dehydration
an excessive loss of water or fluids from the body
31
demarcation
line or visible mark between living and necrotic tissues
32
dendrites
found at the end of neurons, allows propagation of message towards cell body
33
dentalgia
is a toothache
34
dermatomes
specific area that is supplied by a single spinal nerve
35
dysarthria
poor articulation of speech often due to affected muscles used in speaking
36
dyskinesia
disorder related to invoulnatry muscle movements
37
dysplasia
abnormal growth of a cell
38
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
39
dysuria
difficult or painful urination
40
edema
excess fluid in the interstitial space
41
epidemic
a widespread occurence of an infection disease in a community at a particular time
42
erthrocytes
red blood cells
43
facilitated diffusion
a carrier-mediated process moving substances from areas of higer concentration to lower concentration
44
fascia
connective tissure that surrounds or seperates muscles
45
fecalith
fecal impaction in the colon
46
fibrinogen
blood protein used in clotting cascade
47
fraility
characterized by exhaustion, slowed performance, weakness, weight loss, low physical acitvity, often seen in the elderly
48
gait
walking or moving on foot
49
ganglia
a group of nerve cell bodies tin the peripheral nervous system
50
gestation
period from fertilization of ovum to birth of fetus
51
globulins
simple proteins classified by their size, mobility, and solution
52
glomerulus
mass of cappillaries found at the beginning of each nephron
53
hematuria
blood in the urine
54
hemiparesis
one sided weakness often seen in those with CVAs
55
hemolysis
breakdown of red blood cells
56
hemophilia
hereditary bleeding disorders due to missing factors for proper blood coagulation
57
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
58
host
an animal or human with exposure to an infectious agent
59
hydrocele
a fluid filled sac along the spermatic cord
60
hymen
a mucous membrane covering the vaginal outlet
61
hyperemia
incresing blood flow to an organ
62
hyperopia
distant vision is clear, but near vision is often blurry
63
hyperplasia
excessive increase in number of cells
64
idiopathic
unknown cause
65
idiosycrasy
an abnormal response to a drug
66
incontinence
inability to control bowel or bladder function
67
infarction
death of tissue from lack of oxygen
68
inferior
down/bottom, toward the feer
69
infiltration
how fluid pass into tissues
70
jejunum
part of the small intestine
71
joule
measurement of electrical energy
72
Keloid
excessive scar tissue that goes beyond the orginal border
73
kyphosis
abnormal curvature of the spine, increased convexity as viewed laterally
74
lactate
found in cells during metabolism byproduct of lactic acid
75
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
76
lobules
small lobes
77
luxation
a complete dislocation
78
Malaise
general weakness
79
malignant
cancerous, has ability to metastasize or spread
80
mania
a mood disorder characterized by hyperactivity, agitation, excitement occasional violent and self-destructive behavior
81
melena
black tarry stool containing digested blood
82
metastasis
movement or spreading of cancer cells from location to another
83
myalgia
muscle pain
84
necrosis
death of cell or a group of cells as a result of a disease, ischemia, or injury
85
neoplasia
new and abnormal growth that may be malignant or benign
86
nephron
the structural and functinal unit of the kidney
87
nocturia
excessive urination at night
88
nucleus
controlling body of the cell
89
nystagmus
involuntary jerking actions of the eye
90
oliguria
diminished ability to create or pass urine
91
orchitis
inflimattion of the testicle may be painful
92
osmolality
osmotic pressure of a solution
93
osmosis
the diffusion of solvent through a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution
94
ostomy
surgical opening that creates a hole from the inside of the body to the outside
95
ovum
a female egg or egg cell
96
Parenteral
any medication route other than the oral route
97
Paresthesia
sensation of numbness tingling or "pins and needles"
98
Phobia
anxiety disorder characterized by an obsessive, irrational and intense fear of a specific object or activity
99
Pathogen
a cause of a disease
100
photophobia
a sensitivity to light that is abnormal
101
plasma
the fluid part of blood
102
platelets
fragments of cells that are responsible for initiating the clotting proces
103
Poikilothermia
inability to regulate the body temperature in comparison to the ambient temp
104
polycythemia
unusually large number of RBC in the blood as a resulr of the increased production by the bone marrow> OFTEN CAUSED BY COPD OR RV FAILURE/ENlargement
105
Polyuria
excessive urination
106
pripism
a painful and persistent erection
107
Pulsus paradoxus
abnormal decrease in systolic blood pressure (10-15mmHg) during inspiration
108
Quadriplegia
weakness or paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk often occurs high level of cervical spinal fracture
109
Referred pain
pain felt at a site away from its origin
110
renin
enzyme secreted by the kidneys that is involved in the release of angiotensin, plays an important role in maintenance of blood pressure
111
Rhinitis
inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose
112
rhonchi
abnormal, course, rattling respiratory sounds, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways or muscular spasm/constriction
113
sciatica
pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve
114
sclera
the white outer layer of the eyeball
115
slander
false statements about a person
116
solutes
the minor component in a solution dissolved in solutions
117
stridor
high pitches musical sound caused by an obstruction in the tracheaor larynx
118
stroke volume
volume in ML of blood ejected from one ventricle in a single heartbeat Normal range is 60-100 with average being 70ml
119
subluxation
a partial dislocation
120
surfactant
substance that reduces the surface tension of the pulmonary fluids
121
synapse
junction between two nerve cells most often referred to with regrds to sympathetic (norepi) and patasympathetic nervous system (acetycholine)
122
synergism
the combined action of two agents is greater than the action of the agents independently
123
Tendons
bands of connective tissues that connect muscle to bone
124
tetany
involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles
125
tetraplegia
weakness or paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk
126
tidal volume
volume of air inspired or expired in a single breath
127
tort
personal harm or injury caused by civil versus criminal wrongs
128
trismus
limited jar range of motion commonly caused by muscle spasms of the jaw can be a primary symptom of tetanus
129
untoward effects
side effects that prove harmful to the patient
130
urea
a nitrogen containing waste product
131
uremia
excess of urea and other nitrogen based wastes in the blood
132
urticaria
hives
133
ventilation
mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs
134
vesicants
an agent that causes blistering
135
virulence
the harmfulness of a disease or a poison
136
viscosity
the degree of friction between liquid molecules
137
volvus
twisting of the intestines
138
wheals
small areas of swelling that result from an allergic reaction similar to hives
139
Xiphoid process
smalles of the three parts of the sternum. articulates caudually with the body of the sternum and laterally with the seventh rib, can fracture with innapropriate hand placement during cpr
140
zone of coagulation
central area of burn wound that has sustained the most intense contact with the thermal source
141
zone of hyperemia
area in which blood glow is increased as a result of the normal inflammatory response to injury in a burn
142
zone of stasis
area of burn tissue taht surrounds the critically injured area from a burn
143
zygote
a fertilized ovum (EGG)
