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nremt > Chapter 2 Medical Term > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Medical Term Flashcards

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1
Q

Aerobic

A

The presence of air or oxygen

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2
Q

Agonist

A

To enhance an expected response

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3
Q

Anaerobic

A

the absence of air or oxygen

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4
Q

aniscoria

A

a condition characterized by unequal pupils

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5
Q

antagonist

A

to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects

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6
Q

anion

A

an ion with a negative charge

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7
Q

aphasia

A

inability to or difficulty in speaking

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8
Q

apnea

A

the cessation of spontaneous respirations

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9
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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10
Q

ataxia

A

failure of muscle coordination

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11
Q

atrophy

A

shrinkage of a cell or muscle

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12
Q

aura

A

sensation that may precede a migraine or seziure

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13
Q

benign

A

nonmalignant, often not problematic

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14
Q

bile

A

secreted by thje liver, stored in the gallbladder

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15
Q

blebs

A

collection of air between the lung and visceral pleura that can result in spontaneous pneumothrorax

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16
Q

bruit

A

an abnormal sound or murmur due to narrowing of the vessel

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17
Q

bursa

A

a sac containing synovial fluid that helps ease friction between tendons and bone

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18
Q

carcinogens

A

cancer causing agents

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19
Q

cartilage

A

smooth and firm connective tissue

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20
Q

cation

A

a ion with a positive charge

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21
Q

cell

A

basic unit of lifece

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22
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax found in ecternal ear canal

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23
Q

chyme

A

mass of partially digested food passed from stomach to the duodenum

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24
Q

cilia

A

small, hail like structures

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25
Q

coma

A

deep stat of unconciousness, unarousable

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26
Q

confabulation

A

made up stories to fill in gaps of lost memory

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27
Q

congenital

A

present at birth

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28
Q

contrecoup

A

occurs at a site opposite of side of impact

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29
Q

crepitus

A

a grating sound or sensation often caused by bone on bone rubbing or with inflammation in joints

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30
Q

dehydration

A

an excessive loss of water or fluids from the body

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31
Q

demarcation

A

line or visible mark between living and necrotic tissues

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32
Q

dendrites

A

found at the end of neurons, allows propagation of message towards cell body

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33
Q

dentalgia

A

is a toothache

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34
Q

dermatomes

A

specific area that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

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35
Q

dysarthria

A

poor articulation of speech often due to affected muscles used in speaking

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36
Q

dyskinesia

A

disorder related to invoulnatry muscle movements

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37
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal growth of a cell

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38
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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39
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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40
Q

edema

A

excess fluid in the interstitial space

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41
Q

epidemic

A

a widespread occurence of an infection disease in a community at a particular time

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42
Q

erthrocytes

A

red blood cells

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43
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

a carrier-mediated process moving substances from areas of higer concentration to lower concentration

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44
Q

fascia

A

connective tissure that surrounds or seperates muscles

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45
Q

fecalith

A

fecal impaction in the colon

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46
Q

fibrinogen

A

blood protein used in clotting cascade

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47
Q

fraility

A

characterized by exhaustion, slowed performance, weakness, weight loss, low physical acitvity, often seen in the elderly

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48
Q

gait

A

walking or moving on foot

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49
Q

ganglia

A

a group of nerve cell bodies tin the peripheral nervous system

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50
Q

gestation

A

period from fertilization of ovum to birth of fetus

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51
Q

globulins

A

simple proteins classified by their size, mobility, and solution

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52
Q

glomerulus

A

mass of cappillaries found at the beginning of each nephron

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53
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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54
Q

hemiparesis

A

one sided weakness often seen in those with CVAs

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55
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of red blood cells

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56
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorders due to missing factors for proper blood coagulation

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57
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

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58
Q

host

A

an animal or human with exposure to an infectious agent

59
Q

hydrocele

A

a fluid filled sac along the spermatic cord

60
Q

hymen

A

a mucous membrane covering the vaginal outlet

61
Q

hyperemia

A

incresing blood flow to an organ

62
Q

hyperopia

A

distant vision is clear, but near vision is often blurry

63
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive increase in number of cells

64
Q

idiopathic

A

unknown cause

65
Q

idiosycrasy

A

an abnormal response to a drug

66
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control bowel or bladder function

67
Q

infarction

A

death of tissue from lack of oxygen

68
Q

inferior

A

down/bottom, toward the feer

69
Q

infiltration

A

how fluid pass into tissues

70
Q

jejunum

A

part of the small intestine

71
Q

joule

A

measurement of electrical energy

72
Q

Keloid

A

excessive scar tissue that goes beyond the orginal border

73
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal curvature of the spine, increased convexity as viewed laterally

74
Q

lactate

A

found in cells during metabolism byproduct of lactic acid

75
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

76
Q

lobules

A

small lobes

77
Q

luxation

A

a complete dislocation

78
Q

Malaise

A

general weakness

79
Q

malignant

A

cancerous, has ability to metastasize or spread

80
Q

mania

A

a mood disorder characterized by hyperactivity, agitation, excitement occasional violent and self-destructive behavior

81
Q

melena

A

black tarry stool containing digested blood

82
Q

metastasis

A

movement or spreading of cancer cells from location to another

83
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

84
Q

necrosis

A

death of cell or a group of cells as a result of a disease, ischemia, or injury

85
Q

neoplasia

A

new and abnormal growth that may be malignant or benign

86
Q

nephron

A

the structural and functinal unit of the kidney

87
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

88
Q

nucleus

A

controlling body of the cell

89
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary jerking actions of the eye

90
Q

oliguria

A

diminished ability to create or pass urine

91
Q

orchitis

A

inflimattion of the testicle may be painful

92
Q

osmolality

A

osmotic pressure of a solution

93
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of solvent through a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution

94
Q

ostomy

A

surgical opening that creates a hole from the inside of the body to the outside

95
Q

ovum

A

a female egg or egg cell

96
Q

Parenteral

A

any medication route other than the oral route

97
Q

Paresthesia

A

sensation of numbness tingling or “pins and needles”

98
Q

Phobia

A

anxiety disorder characterized by an obsessive, irrational and intense fear of a specific object or activity

99
Q

Pathogen

A

a cause of a disease

100
Q

photophobia

A

a sensitivity to light that is abnormal

101
Q

plasma

A

the fluid part of blood

102
Q

platelets

A

fragments of cells that are responsible for initiating the clotting proces

103
Q

Poikilothermia

A

inability to regulate the body temperature in comparison to the ambient temp

104
Q

polycythemia

A

unusually large number of RBC in the blood as a resulr of the increased production by the bone marrow> OFTEN CAUSED BY COPD OR RV FAILURE/ENlargement

105
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

106
Q

pripism

A

a painful and persistent erection

107
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

abnormal decrease in systolic blood pressure (10-15mmHg) during inspiration

108
Q

Quadriplegia

A

weakness or paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk often occurs high level of cervical spinal fracture

109
Q

Referred pain

A

pain felt at a site away from its origin

110
Q

renin

A

enzyme secreted by the kidneys that is involved in the release of angiotensin, plays an important role in maintenance of blood pressure

111
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose

112
Q

rhonchi

A

abnormal, course, rattling respiratory sounds, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways or muscular spasm/constriction

113
Q

sciatica

A

pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve

114
Q

sclera

A

the white outer layer of the eyeball

115
Q

slander

A

false statements about a person

116
Q

solutes

A

the minor component in a solution dissolved in solutions

117
Q

stridor

A

high pitches musical sound caused by an obstruction in the tracheaor larynx

118
Q

stroke volume

A

volume in ML of blood ejected from one ventricle in a single heartbeat Normal range is 60-100 with average being 70ml

119
Q

subluxation

A

a partial dislocation

120
Q

surfactant

A

substance that reduces the surface tension of the pulmonary fluids

121
Q

synapse

A

junction between two nerve cells most often referred to with regrds to sympathetic (norepi) and patasympathetic nervous system (acetycholine)

122
Q

synergism

A

the combined action of two agents is greater than the action of the agents independently

123
Q

Tendons

A

bands of connective tissues that connect muscle to bone

124
Q

tetany

A

involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles

125
Q

tetraplegia

A

weakness or paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk

126
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air inspired or expired in a single breath

127
Q

tort

A

personal harm or injury caused by civil versus criminal wrongs

128
Q

trismus

A

limited jar range of motion commonly caused by muscle spasms of the jaw can be a primary symptom of tetanus

129
Q

untoward effects

A

side effects that prove harmful to the patient

130
Q

urea

A

a nitrogen containing waste product

131
Q

uremia

A

excess of urea and other nitrogen based wastes in the blood

132
Q

urticaria

A

hives

133
Q

ventilation

A

mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

134
Q

vesicants

A

an agent that causes blistering

135
Q

virulence

A

the harmfulness of a disease or a poison

136
Q

viscosity

A

the degree of friction between liquid molecules

137
Q

volvus

A

twisting of the intestines

138
Q

wheals

A

small areas of swelling that result from an allergic reaction similar to hives

139
Q

Xiphoid process

A

smalles of the three parts of the sternum. articulates caudually with the body of the sternum and laterally with the seventh rib, can fracture with innapropriate hand placement during cpr

140
Q

zone of coagulation

A

central area of burn wound that has sustained the most intense contact with the thermal source

141
Q

zone of hyperemia

A

area in which blood glow is increased as a result of the normal inflammatory response to injury in a burn

142
Q

zone of stasis

A

area of burn tissue taht surrounds the critically injured area from a burn

143
Q

zygote

A

a fertilized ovum (EGG)

nremt (1 decks)

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