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Earth Science 8 > Chapter 2- Matter,Forces, Energy > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Matter,Forces, Energy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Pure substance

A

materials made of one kind of particle

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3
Q

Mixture

A

Physical combinations of two or more substances

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4
Q

State of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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5
Q

Temperature

A

the hotness or coldness of an object or substance

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6
Q

Solid

A

has a constant volume and the attraction between particles is greater than its ability to move away

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7
Q

Liquid

A

particles can move around, but are still close together; doesn’t have a fixed shape, but the volume is constant

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8
Q

Gas

A

particles are far apart and move very fast; doesn’t have a fixed shape or constant volume

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9
Q

Plasma

A

similar to gas particles but they function so fast they become electrically charged

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10
Q

Melting

A

particles warm; vibrate and the attraction can no longer hold them in a fixed position (S-L)

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11
Q

Freezing

A

particles slow down until their attraction locks them into fixed positions (L-S)

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12
Q

Vaporization

A

change from a liquid to a vapor

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13
Q

Boiling

A

VAPORIZATION: liquid heats; particles move fast; exert pressure; form bubbles

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14
Q

Evaporation

A

VAPORIZATION: below the boiling point; particles bump into each other and escape the liquid.

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15
Q

Condensation

A

vapor cools; particles slow; lose energy to overcome the attractive forces; vapor particles clump; forms droplets

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16
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid——-Vapor (DIRECTLY)

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17
Q

Deposition

A

Vapor——–Solid (DIRECTLY)

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18
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object; measure doesn’t vary

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19
Q

Weight

A

gravitational attraction for an object’s mass; measure varies

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20
Q

Volume

A

the space something occupies

21
Q

Force

A

a push or pull in directions

22
Q

Work

A

force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance

23
Q

Gravity

A

gives objects weight; acts on every particle

24
Q

Energy

A

added to or taken from an object when work is done on it by a force

25
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

“Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, but only changes from one form to another”

26
Q

Atom

A

the smallest building block of matter

27
Q

Ion

A

atoms with fewer or more electrons than protons

28
Q

Element

A

pure substance made of one kind of atom

29
Q

Compound

A

atoms of one element bond with atoms from other elements

30
Q

Molecule

A

formed by the combo of 2 or more atoms

31
Q

Physical change

A

matter changes to where it doesn’t effect the chemical identity

32
Q

Chemical change

A

a pure substance changes into another substance

33
Q

Nuclear change

A

atoms emit protons it changes into another element

34
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

depends on the mass and speed ;changes as the speed changes (its mass can’t really change)

35
Q

Potential Energy

A

a force acting on it gives it the potential to move, depends on mass and distance, the higher the more potential energy

36
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

energy occurring as a result of the action of physical forces on distinct objects (Kinetic and potetnial)

36
Q

What is the most important field force?

A

Gravity

37
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons in the nuclei

38
Q

Atomic mass

A
39
Q

How many elements are naturally occurring?

A

92

40
Q

Compound v. Molecule

A
41
Q

Thermal Energy

A
42
Q

Sound Energy

A
43
Q

Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ________

A

ions

44
Q

If an atom has 10 electrons and 9 protons……. what is its charge?

A

-1 charge (fluorine ion)

45
Q

If an atom has 2 electrons and 3 protons……. what is its charge?

A

+1 charge (lithium ion)

46
Q

Proton

A

positive charge; large mass

47
Q

Neutron

A

no charge

48
Q

Electron

A

negative charge; larger mass

Earth Science 8 (1 decks)

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