Chapter 2- Managing Insect Pests Flashcards
T or F: Cockroaches account for the majority of indoor pest
problems in restaurants, food-handling facilities,
and multiple-unit housing?
T
REF: Ch 2 Pg 5
What are some characteristics of cockroaches?
- Flat
- Quick moving
- Avoid light
- Most active at night
- Chewing mouth
- Hairlike antennae
- Dull or dark colored
- Simple metamorphosis
REF: Ch 2 Pg 6
Depending on the species, females lay how many eggs?
15-40 in a capsule (called ootheca) 8-15 capsules in lifetime
REF: Ch 2 Pg 6
Type of food cockroaches feed on?
- Human or animal food
- Dead animals
- Plants
- Leather
- Glue
- Hair
- Wallpaper
REF: Ch 2 Pg 6
Best environment for cockroaches?
- High moisture
- High temp
- Poor sanitation
REF: Ch 2 Pg 6
Where do cockroaches hide during the day?
- Cracks and crevices
- Plumbing fixtures
- Under window frames
- Around motors
REF: Ch 2 Pg 6
How many major species of cockroach are in U.S.?
Over 50
REF: Ch 2 Pg 6
Common cockroaches to WI?
- German (most common, tan and brown, 2 parallel dark stripes behind head, lives 200 days)
- Brown-banded (2 yellow bands across body by wings)
- Oriental (dark brown or black, females wingless, males small wings, 2 year life cycles)
- American and Australian (Reddish brown, brought in from warmer climates, restaurants, grocery stores, bakeries, steam tunnel and sewer)
- Wood (Only native specie to WI, dark brown, pale stripe outer wing and thorax, females have short wings and look like Oriental)
REF: Ch 2 Pg 7 Fig 4
Name different treatment controls for cockroaches?
- Insect growth regulator (IGR) use with insecticide
- Bait (perform poorly if sanitation is bad already)
- Crack and crevice (primary means for German roach, insecticide into cracks)
- Spray
REF: Ch 2 Pg 8
Some characteristics of ants?
-Complete metamorphosis
-Larvae helpless
-Workers travel a long distance looking for food
-Diet sweets, plant juices, honeydew
from aphids, other insects, honey, meat scraps,
grease, fats, pet food and more
-Only queens lay eggs
REF: Ch 2 Pg 9
Why do ants pose a special control problem?
They are a social insect. Need to deal with whole colony. Kill queen.
REF: Ch 2 Pg 9
Common ants found in WI?
- Carpenter
- Large yellow
- Thief or grease
- Pavement
- Cornfield
- Pharaoh
REF: Ch 2 Pg 9 Fig 8
Carpenter Ants characteristic?
-Medium to large
-All black or black
and red
-Bring most complaints for insects from homeowners in WI
-Do not eat or bore into sound wood
-Only nest in softened wood
REF: Ch 2 Pg 10
Large Yellow Ant characteristics?
- Smell lemon or citronella when crushed
- Workers yellow or reddish yellow
- Swarmers darker red
- Workers feed on honeydew from aphids
- Nest under stones, patio blocks, along foundations
- Not indoors
- Swarm in Mar or Apr
REF: Ch 2 Pg 10
Thief or Grease Ant characteristics?
- Smallest ant found indoors
- Nest outdoors
- Forage mid to late summer
- Eat grease, meat, cheese, PB
REF: Ch 2 Pg 10
Pavement Ant characteristics?
- Reddish brown to black
- Pair of spines on thorax
- Eat greasy foods, pet food, sweets
- Nests under driveways or sidewalks
- Workers can be in kitchen
- Indoor colonies under room built on slab
- Swarm anytime
REF: Ch 2 Pg 10
Cornfield Ant characteristics?
- Common mound building ants in yard
- Red to dark brown
- Eat sweets and honeydew from other insects
- Swarm on sunny, late afternoons Aug-Sept.
REF: Ch 2 Pg 10
Pharaoh Ant characteristics?
- Indoor ant
- Hospitals, nursing homes, apartments
- Yellow to red color
- 3 segments to antennal club
- Eat soap, toothpaste, fats, grease, sweets, dead insects
- Multiple queen and don’t swarm
REF: Ch 2 Pg 10
Ants that bait is effective on?
- Pharaoh ants
- Ants where nest is hard to find (thief ants)
- Useful on sensitive accounts
REF: Ch 2 Pg 10
Ants that bait not effective on?
-Winged ants (use residual insecticide)
Apendix G Pg 185
How to treat outdoor ant nests?
- With liquids use enough water to flush down nest
- Granular spot treatment, perimeter, broadcast
- Treat nest is most effective
REF: Ch 2 Pg 11
How to treat indoor nests?
- If Carpenter ant, must get insecticide into nest
- Drill small holes, 1/8” for access
- Use dusts when treating voids
- Use liquid or aerosol if nest exposed
REF: Ch 2 Pg 11
How to treat Carpenter ants indoors?
- Find nests to apply insecticide
- Come indoor spring and summer
- Ants seen around garbage can, dishwasher
- Use perimeter treatment around windows and doorways 2-3’ perimeter
- Treat every 6 weeks
REF: Ch 2 Pg 11
How to treat Carpenter ants outdoors?
-Find nest to apply insecticide
-Check wooden
porch footings, landscape timbers, and old stumps
for the main colony
REF: Ch 2 Pg 11
Signs of indoor Carpenter ant nest?
- See carpenter ants inside from Nov-Mar
- Winged ants inside
- Coarse sawdust (called frass) falling from ceilings, cabinets, other wood sources
- See 15-20 workers daily
REF: Ch 2 Pg 11
Name two types of fleas in WI?
- Cat flea
- Sticktight flea
REF: Ch 2 Pg 12
Appendix G Pg 185
Cat flea hosts?
-Dog, cat, raccoons, skunks, squirrels
REF: Ch 2 Pg 12
Appendix G Pg 185
Characteristics of fleas?
-Adult fleas feed on blood
-Wingless
-Brown
-Flattened side to side
-Eggs glossy white
-Complete metamorphosis
-Lives 12-140 days
-Spend life on host
-Lays several hundred eggs in lifetime
-
REF: Ch 2 Pg 12
Appendix G Pg 186
Find fleas if people don’t have pests?
-Raccoons or other wild animals in chimney, attics, crawl spaces
REF: Ch 2 Pg 12
Where to concentrate flea control efforts in the animal’s environment?
-Where the pet sleeps, rests, or spends a large amount of time
-Locate and treat flea breeding sites
-For cats look in secluded places for breeding sites
-Larvae live in carpeting, furniture, animal bedding, and other protected areas with high humidity
-Humidity below 50%
will kill eggs and larvae
REF: Ch 2 Pg 12
Appendix G Pg 186
Advantage of IGR for fleas?
-Use in conjunction with contact insecticides
-IGRs prevent flea larvae
from developing to the adult
stage
-May also inhibit egg hatch
-When used alone will take 2 to 4 weeks to reduce population
-4- to 6-month residual action
-No resistance
-Very low human and animal toxicity
REF: Ch 2 Pg 13
Describe the limitations of aerosols, flea “bombs,” ultrasonic devices, and flea traps?
- Will not penetrate furniture and other items
- Can cause explosions
- Ultrasonic not effective
- Lights leave some alive and wont control infestations
REF: Ch 2 Pg 13
Key to effective control of flies and food pests?
- Find and eliminate food source
- Aerosol knock-down insecticide only temporary, repeat treatment every 3-5 days
REF: Ch 2 Pg 14
Fly characteristics?
- 1 pair of wings
- Complete metamorphosis
- Larva called maggot
- Pupa brown, cylindrical
- Adults sucking mouth
REF: Ch 2 Pg 14
Options for controlling powderpost beetle infestations?
- Surface treat infested wood with insecticide
- Spray or paint borates onto exposed surfaces
REF: Ch 2 Pg 15
What can make perimeter treatments for occasional invaders especially effective?
-Aimed at preventing the arthropods from getting into a building -If inside, vacuuming is best -Insecticides -Treat cracks
REF: Ch 2 Pg 16
What can make perimeter treatments for occasional invaders fail?
- Large number of insects
- Kill 80%-95% is unsuccessful
- Also occur when treatment applied after too many insects in wall voids
REF: Ch 2 Pg 16
Appendix G Pg 193
Example of occasional invaders?
-Multicolored Asian lady beetles -Crickets -Boxelder bugs -Strawberry root weevils -Millipedes -Earwigs
REF: Ch 2 Pg 16
Characteristics of Bed Bugs?
-Flat
-Oval
-Darkish reddish brown
-Blood feeders
- 4 species in WI (human bed
bug, eastern bat bug, two species associated with
chimney swifts and swallows)
-Hide during the day
-Feed at night on exposed skin
-Reddish brown fecal spots
REF: Ch 2 Pg 16
Describe life cycle of bed bugs?
- Simple metamorphosis
- Egg, nymph, adult
REF Ch 2 Pg 3 Fig 2
Describe some control methods for bed bugs?
- Heat and cold
- Vacuum, dust, launder and dry bedding on high
REF Ch 2 Pg 17
What are limitations of chemical control on bed bugs?
-Few pesticides are registered for use
-Some bedbug populations
have become resistant to pyrethroids
REF Ch 2 Pg 18
