Chapter 2 - Limitations

Question 1

Kinds of Operation

Answer 1

The helicopter in its basic configuration is certified for land operation under day and night Visual Flight Rules (VFR) provided that the equipment required by operational regulations is installed and serviceable.

With special equipment installed and operative and under observance of the procedures and limitations, described in FMS 9.2-8, the helicopter is also certified for land operation under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

With the emergency flotation system (optional equipment FMS 9.2-9) the helicopter can be operated over water in accordance to the national operating regulations.

ADDED IAW AD 2013-10-05:

Dispatch under instrument Flight Rules (IFR) or night Visual Flight Rules (VFR) with the Autotrim inoperative in Pitch or Roll or a combined inoperative Autotrim in Cyclic and Yaw axis is PROHIBITED.

Question 2

Basis of Certification

Answer 2

This helicopter is certified under FAR 29 requirements.

Question 3

Minimum Flight Crew / Maximum Number of Occupants

Answer 3

The minimum flight crew consists of one pilot operating the helicopter from the right crew seat. The maximum number of occupants comprises up to 11 persons (including flight crew).

Question 4

Maximum Gross Mass/Weight

Answer 4

Maximum approved gross mass for flight is - 3585 kg / 7903 lb

Question 5

Minimum Gross Mass/Weight

Answer 5

Minimum approved gross mass for flight is - 1750 kg / 3858 lb

Question 6

Loading Limits

Answer 6

Maximum Allowable Floor Loading Limits - 600 kg/m² / 123 lb/ft²

Question 7

Tie-down Ring Limits

Answer 7

Maximum allowable load per tie-down ring is - 70 kg / 144 lb

Question 8

V_NE for OEI operation​

Answer 8

V_NE for OEI operation under all conditions is - 110 kts

or

as shown in the V_NE- tables (Table 2-1 or 2-2), whichever is less.

Question 9

V_NE for steady autorotation

Answer 9

V_NE for steady autorotation under all conditions is - 90 kts

or

or as shown in the V_NE- tables (Table 2-1 or 2-2), whichever is less.

Question 10

Maximum Operating Altitude

Answer 10

18,000 ft PA

Question 11

Maximum Operating Altitude for Hover in Ground Effect / Takeoff and Landing

Answer 11

18,000 ft DA or 18,000 ft PA

Whichever is less

Question 12

Environmental Operating Conditions

Answer 12

Flights with closed NACA inlets (PUSH FOR AIR knob – pulled) (e.g. under extreme smoke, smog conditions) are restricted to 30 minutes to prevent avionics overheating. If the CPDS OVHT caution indication comes on during this 30 minutes, proceed according to CPDS OVHT caution indication.

Question 13

Ambient Air Temperature Limitations

Answer 13

Minimum air temperature (If cold weather kit P/N B854M2001051 and CAD P/N C19243EA04…B04 or subsequent and VEMD P/N B19030NA04…B04 or subsequent are approved and installed) - – 45 ^oC

Minimum air temperature (without cold weather kit P/N B854M2001051) - – 30 ^oC

Minimum air temperature (with Bleed air heating defective) - +10 ^oC

Maximum Air Temp - ISA + 35 ^oC (max. + 50 ^oC)

If OAT w + 35 ^oC, the oil cooler block plate LH/RH (P/N B854K2101/–202) must be removed.

If OAT w + 35 ^oC, try to lower cockpit temperature by means of ventilation. The max. operating time on ground is 30 minutes.

Question 14

Battery Temperature Limitations

Answer 14

For engine start–up at outside air temperatures below –20 ^oC using the aircraft battery, the

aircraft battery shall be preheated to at least –20 ^oC.

Question 15

Rotor RPM Limitations

Answer 15

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Question 16

Engine and Transmission Power Limitations

Answer 16

NEED TO CREATE TABLE with both pics

Question 17

Engine Oil Pressure

Answer 17

Minimum - 1.3 bar

Caution Range - 1.3 bar to 1.5 bar

Continuous Operation - 1.5 bar to 5.0 bar

Maximum Continuous - 5.0 bar

NOTE

Exceeding 5.0 bar oil pressure is allowed for transient operation during the start cycle and warm up at ground idle only.

Question 18

Engine Oil Temperature

Answer 18

Minimum for starting:

Oil viscosity 3 cSt and 3.9 cSt - -45°C

Oil viscosity 5 cSt​ - -40°C

Minimum for power application:

Oil viscosity 3 cSt and 3.9 cSt - -10°C

Oil viscosity 5 cSt - 0°C

Maximum operating temperature - 115°C

Question 19

Engine Starter/Generator

Answer 19

​NEED TO CREATE TABLE(S)

Question 20

Generator

Answer 20

Maximum continuous load per generator - 200 A

Total maximum continuous load (power supply through both generators) - 360 A

DC System / Generator normal operation indications:

Voltage = 28.5 “ 0.3 V and Current = 0A - 200 A

DC System / Generator abnormal or failure indications:

Voltage < 28.2 V or > 28.8 V or Current < 0A or > 200 A

Question 21

Main Transmission Oil Pressure

Answer 21

Minimum - 1.0 bar

Caution range - 1.0 bar - 1.5 bar

Continuous operation - 1.5 bar - 5.0 bar

Maximum - 5.0 bar

NOTE

XMSN OIL PRESS warning light illumination is acceptable in the range from 1.0 to 1.4 bar during the pressure build-up phase.

Question 22

Main Transmission Oil Temperature

Answer 22

Continuous operation - –10 °C - 105 °C

Maximum - 105 °C

Question 23

Alternate Fuel Use Limits

Answer 23

Maximum time of use between overhaul: 25 hours

Maximum pressure altitude: 1500 ft

Maximum fuel temperature: 30°C

Question 24

Hydraulic Pressure

Answer 24

Minimum - 6900 kPa

Caution range - 6900 kPa to 9000 kPa

Continuous operation - 9000 kPa to 12000 kPa

Caution range

(high pressure relief valve starts to open) - 12000 kPa to 12200 kPa

Maximum (max. fluid flow at high pressure relief valve) - 15000 kPa

Question 25

Prohibited Flight Maneuvers

Answer 25

Aerobatic maneuvers

Intentional full autorotation landings

Flight into icing conditions. In case that icing conditions are entered unexpectedly, the icing zone shall be left in the quickest possible way.

Question 26

Rotor Starting and Stopping in High Wind

Answer 26

Starting and stopping the rotor is authorized in up to max. 50 kts wind from all horizontal directions.

Question 27

Hover Turns

Answer 27

For gross mass up to 3200 kg - maximum 45°/s (8 seconds for a 360° turn)

For gross mass above 3200 kg - maximum 30°/s (12 seconds for a 360° turn)

Question 28

Main Rotor Mast Moment Limits

Answer 28

Maximum - red bar / red circle

Caution range - yellow region / yellow circle

Normal range - left side of yellow region / from yellow circle towards center

NOTE

Upon reaching the red bar/ red circle a warning gong comes on, a red box appears around the word LIMIT, and MM or the numerical value becomes underlined red. All these signals disappear upon leaving the red bar / red circle. In case that mast moment is higher than 77% the MM EXCEED caution comes on and will not disappear until power off.

On CPDS Flight Report page the accumulated time which has been spent in each zone (see fig 2-4 and 2-5) during flight and the max. MM will be displayed. A logbook entry and maintenance action are required whenever the limit (red bar/circle) has been exceeded.

Question 29

Slope Operations

Answer 29

CAUTION

Do Not Exceed the Allowable Mast Moment Limits

Slope operations (takeoff/landing) are limited in the degree of sloping terrain upon which the maneuver may be performed.

Ground sloping down to the left - max. 11^o

Ground sloping down to the right - max. 6^o

Ground sloping nose up - max. 8^o

Ground sloping nose down (if terrain allows) - max. 8^o