Chapter 2 Lesson 4: Nonmetals and Metalloids Flashcards
Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table; except Hydrogen
Lack properties of metals
Most nonmetals are poor conductors of electric current and heat
Solid nonmetals tend to be dull and brittle
Many are gases at room temperature; Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is
liquid at room temperature
Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
Atoms of nonmetals usually gain or share an electron when they react with
another atom.
Nonmetals can form compounds with other nonmetals; sharing electrons
Nonmetals and metals can react; electrons will move from the metal to the
nonmetal
What are the families that contain nonmetals?
Carbon family- Group 14; Carbon is the only nonmetal
Nitrogen family- Group 15; Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Diatomic Molecule- made up of two atoms
Oxygen family- Group 16; Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium
What are the families that contain nonmetals?
(continued)
Halogen family- Group 17; Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
Halogen- salt-forming
Noble gases- Group 18; Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
Do not normally form compounds because atoms of noble gases do not usually gain,
lose or share electrons
Hydrogen- Group 1
can not be group in a family due to different chemical properties
very abundant but not as a pure substance; Usually found as a compound
Metalloids
Located between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table
Contain some properties of metals and some of nonmetals
solid at room temperature
Metalloids are brittle, hard, and somewhat reactive
Silicon (Si) is the most common metalloid
Metalloids
Most useful property of metalloids are their ability to conduct electric current
The conductivity of a metalloid is dependent on temperature, exposure to
light, or the presence of impurities
Metalloids are used to make semiconductors;
Substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions
Used in computer chips and lasers
