Chapter 2: Lesson 1-3

Question 1

He argued that reason should regulate actions and have dominion over emotions.

Answer 1

Immanuel Kant

Question 2

This philosopher claimed that moral distinctions are derived from moral sentiments, not from reason.

Answer 2

David Hume

Question 3

The philosophical insight that suggests staying detached and thoughtful in the face of setbacks.

Answer 3

Stoicism

Question 4

He believed that emotions are inherent, objective, and exist even if they have not been experienced before.

Answer 4

Max Ferdinand Scheler

Question 5

This model categorizes emotions into Sensual, Vital, Psychic, and Spiritual feelings.

Answer 5

Stratification Model of Motive life

Question 6

He asserted that you cannot rely on feelings alone in moral reasoning, no matter how powerful they are.

Answer 6

Thomas Aquinas

Question 7

The philosopher who described two elements in moral judgment: “emotive” and “prescriptive.”

Answer 7

Alfred Jules Ayer

Question 8

The philosopher who summarized the non-deliberate nature of feelings.

Answer 8

Jean-Paul Sartre

Question 9

The principle stating that emotions focus only on matters of personal interest.

Answer 9

Partiality Principle

Question 10

The three ways negative emotions can help in making the right decisions.

Answer 10

Alertness, Motivation, Reflection

Question 11

The aspect of emotion that operates by playing favorites and focusing only on narrow interests.

Answer 11

Bias

Question 12

The nature of feelings that suggests they arise for arbitrary reasons.

Answer 12

Arbitrariness

Question 13

The philosopher who stated that moral judgments stem from feelings of approval and disapproval.

Answer 13

Adam Smith

Question 14

The two types of passions according to Hume’s “Theory of Mind.”

Answer 14

Calm and Violent

Question 15

The role of emotions in moral decision-making.

Answer 15

Guiding and Influencing

Question 16

The type of emotions that include hope, fear, grief, and joy.

Answer 16

Vital Emotions

Question 17

The philosopher who argued that moral distinctions are not derived from reason.

Answer 17

David Hume

Question 18

The philosopher who stated that reason plays a role in moral decision-making but emotions strongly influence moral compasses.

Answer 18

Jonathan Haidt

Question 19

The two elements of moral judgment according to Alfred Jules Ayer.

Answer 19

Emotive and Prescriptive

Question 20

The three reasons why feelings can be obstacles to making the right decisions.

Answer 20

Bias, Instability, Subjectivity

Question 21

The philosopher who argued that reason alone is the basis for morality.

Answer 21

Immanuel Kant

Question 22

The definition of reason as “the power of the mind to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic.”

Answer 22

Rationality

Question 23

The principle stating that decisions should be based on objective criteria rather than bias or prejudice.

Answer 23

Impartiality Principle

Question 24

The philosopher who stated that morality is an effort to guide actions based on logical choice and impartiality.

Answer 24

John Rawls

Question 25

The moral concept that means treating each person affected by a decision with equal importance.

Answer 25

Equal Consideration

Question 26

The philosophical term for decision-making that considers logic while being fair to all involved.

Answer 26

Rational Deliberation

Question 27

The ethical dilemma example where a student sees a classmate cheating during an exam.

Answer 27

Academic Integrity Dilemma

Question 28

The core value in professional codes of ethics that means fairness and unbiased decision-making.

Answer 28

Justice

Question 29

The key distinguishing feature of a moral dilemma.

Answer 29

Conflict Between Moral Values

Question 30

The moral decision-making model that follows seven steps.

Answer 30

Seven-Step Moral Reasoning Model

Question 31

The first step in the 7-step model, which involves gathering as much information as possible.

Answer 31

Gather the Facts

Question 32

The second step in the 7-step model, which involves identifying all persons affected.

Answer 32

Identify Stakeholders

Question 33

The step in the 7-step model where you clarify competing values in a moral conflict.

Answer 33

Articulate the Delimma

Question 34

The fourth step in the 7-step model, which involves thinking creatively about possible actions.

Answer 34

List the Alternatives

Question 35

The step in the 7-step model that compares potential actions with moral principles.

Answer 35

Compare the Alternatives with the principes

Question 36

The sixth step in the 7-step model, which involves assessing the possible results of each action.

Answer 36

Weigh the Consequences

Question 37

The final step in the 7-step model, where a decision is ultimately made.

Answer 37

Make a Decision

Question 38

The term used when overanalyzing a situation to the point that no decision is made.

Answer 38

Analysis Paralysis

Question 39

The term describing ethical decision-making that involves evaluating and choosing among alternatives based on moral principles.

Answer 39

Moral Deliberation

Question 40

The key reason why ethical decision-making is complex and involves weighing good versus better or bad versus worse.

Answer 40

Moral Complexity

Question 41

The courage to put moral principles into action despite fear, doubt, or adverse consequences.

Answer 41

Moral Courage

Question 42

The philosopher who argued that acting morally requires more than just strength of character.

Answer 42

Aristotle

Question 43

The ability to discern various possibilities for action in a given situation.

Answer 43

Moral Imagination

Question 44

The philosopher who defined moral imagination as discovering and evaluating possibilities beyond existing rules.

Answer 44

John Dewey

Question 45

The essential factor needed alongside moral imagination for sound moral decision-making.

Answer 45

Critical Reflection

Question 46

The faculty of the mind that enables a person to initiate action after deliberation.

Answer 46

Will (Volition) –

Question 47

The Classical philosopher who believed that “will” is a product of intellect and sensation.

Answer 47

Aristotle

Question 48

The philosophical concept that plays a role in ethical decision-making by allowing deliberate action.

Answer 48

Free Will

Question 49

The example of Riza deciding between buying a smartphone or saving money illustrates the role of this concept.

Answer 49

Prioritization (or Willpower)

Question 50

The difference between what people decide to do and what they actually do, according to Aristotle.

Answer 50

Akrasia (Weakness of Will)

Question 51

The element in moral decision-making that involves using intellect to choose between right and wrong.

Answer 51

Moral Reasoning

Question 52

The process that involves putting rational moral choices into action.

Answer 52

Moral Action

Question 53

The concept that explains how virtues and vices are shaped by habitual actions.

Answer 53

Habit (Hexis)

Question 54

The ability to resist temptation and stay true to moral principles.

Answer 54

Self-Control

Question 55

The Classical philosopher who said that self-mastery is achieved through practice.

Answer 55

Aristotle

Question 56

The philosophical term for consistently practicing just actions to develop virtues.

Answer 56

Virtue Formation

Question 57

The moral principle that emphasizes self-control and discipline in making ethical choices.

Answer 57

Temperance

Question 58

The ability to act ethically even when faced with external pressures or personal doubts.

Answer 58

Integrity

Question 59

The essential trait that enables a person to make moral decisions and stand by them.

Answer 59

Moral Resolve

Question 60

The key reason why developing moral courage is important in ethical decision-making.

Answer 60

Overcoming Moral Obstacles