Chapter 2-Laboratory Safety and Regulations Flashcards
Examples of potential hazards.
Electric shock Toxic vapors Compressed gases Flammable liquids Radioactive material Corrosive substances Mechanical trauma Poisons Inherent risks of handling biologic materials
Safety is achieved through:___
▪️application of common sense ▪️safety-focused attitude ▪️good personal behavior ▪️good housekeeping ▪️continual practice of good laboratory technique
2 Primary cause of accidents
Unsafe acts and Unsafe environmental conditions
Goal of OSHA
To provide all employees with a safe work environment
It necessitates the effective control of all hazards that exist in the clinical laboratory at any given time.
Laboratory safety
Public Law ________, better known as the OSHA
91-596
What is the meaning of OSHA in the previous question?
Occupational safety and health act
Who is authorized to conduct on-site inspections to determine whether an employer is complying with the mandatory standards?
Occupational safety and health administration
True or False:
Safety is not only a moral obligation but also a federal law.
True😬
OSHA standards include:
▪️Bloodborne Pathogen Standard ▪️Formaldehyde Standard ▪️Hazard Communication Standard ▪️Respiratory Protection Standard ▪️Air Contaminants Standard ▪️Personal Protective Equipment Standard
This standard applies to all exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials in any occupational setting.
Bloodborne Pathogen
Bloodborne pathogen standard mandates the development of an ______.
Exposure control plan
The exposure control plan must cover specific preventive measures including:__
▪️exposure evaluation
▪️engineering controls
▪️work practice controls
▪️administrative oversight
What is the universal precaution?
All human blood, tissue, and most fluids are handled as if known to be infectious for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.
Also referred to as the OSHA “HazCom” standard
Hazard Communication
HazCom Standard defines _________ and provides __________ and communicating ___________.
Hazardous substances; guidance for evaluating; identified hazards.
Primary means of communication
Proper labeling
Development and use of safety data sheets
Employee education
Subpart to OSHA’s Toxic and Hazardous Substances regulations and also known as tye “OSHA Lab Standard
Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in Laboratories
The Lab standard requires the appointment of a _______ and the development of a __________ to _______ or ________ occupational exposure to ________ chemicals.
Chemical hygiene officer; chemical hygiene plan; reduce; eliminate; hazardous
Other federal regulations relating to laboratory safety.
Clean water Act, Resource conservation and Recovery Act, Toxic Substances Control Act
Voluntary accrediting bodies
The Joint Commission(TJC) and the Commission on Laboratory Accreditation of the College of American Pathologists(CAP)
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
Blue quadrant
Health hazard
Red quadrant
Flammable hazards
Yellow quadrant
Reactivity/stability hazards
White quadrant
Corrosive
GHS
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and labeling of hazardous chemicals
Safetyshowers deliver ________ at ________
30 to 50 gallons of water per minute; 20 to 50 pounds per square inch
Eyewash stations must be within _____
100 feet or 10s travel
These are required to contain and expel noxious and hazardous fumes from chemical reagents.
Fume hoods
True or False:
The hood should be operated with the sash fully opened.
False
The velocity at the face of the hood should be____
100-120 feet per minute
remove particles that may be harmful to the employee working with infectious biologic specimens
Biological safety cabinets (BSC)
This is used to transport glass bottles of acid, alkalis, and organic solvents in volumes larger than 500 ml.
Safety carriers
This is used for storing, dispensing and disposing of flammables in volunes greater than 1 quart.
Safety cans
For storage of flammable liquids
Steel safety cabinets
For storingg flammable materials
Explosion-proof refrigerators
Gloves that offer a wider range of compatibility with organic solvents
Nitrile gloves
A respirator that must be worn when engineering controls are not feasible
Respirators with high-efficiency particulate air(HEPA) filters
A crucial component of both infection control and chemical hygiene
Hand washing
IATA
International air transport association
Two types of specimen classifications
Infectious substances and diagnostic specimens
Manual published by IATA
Dangerous Goods Regulations
New Hazard Communication standard is also called ____
Right to Know Law
Major source of safety information for employees who use hazardous materials
Safety Data Sheet(SDS)
Poses a physical or health hazard from acute or chronic exposure
Hazardous chemicals
Substances that affect cellular development in a fetus or embryo.
Teratogens
Can cause acute or chronic effects related to the duration of exposure
Toxic substances
Exposure to toxic agents can be through____
▪️direct contact
▪️inhalation
▪️ingestion
▪️inoculation/injection
Temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air.
Flash point
Flash point of flammable liquid
Below 37.8C (100F)
Flash point of combustible liquids
At or above 37.8C
Substances that can spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases
Reactive chemicals
Chemicals that are injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact
Corrosive chemicals
Cancer-causing agents
Carcinogens
True or False:
Records of occupational injuries must be maintained for the length of employment plus 20 years
False
A chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of a combustible material or fuel, with the subsequent liberation of heat and light
Fire
Elements essential for fire to begin
▪️fuel
▪️heat or ignition source
▪️oxygen(air)
Types of extinguisher for Class A fires
Pressurized water extinguisher and
Foam and multipurpose dry-chemical extinguishers
Trained firefighters extinguish what class of fire
Class D fire
What type of extinguisher is recommended for use with computer equipments
Halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers
Type of extinguishers for Class B and C fires
Multipurpose dry-chemical extinguisher
Carbon dioxide extinguisher
Most widely used cryogenic fluids
Liquid Nitrogen
Examples of repetitive strain disorders
▪️tenosynovitis
▪️bursitis
▪️ganglion cysts
Primary contributing factors associated with repetitive strain disorders
▪️position/posture
▪️applied force
▪️frequency of repetition
Four basic waste disposal technique
▪️flushing down the drain to the sewer system
▪️incineration
▪️landfill burial
▪️recycling
Special waste from health care facilities
Medical waste
