Chapter 2: Klein, Winnicott, and Jeung Flashcards
Chapter 2: Klein, Winnicott, and Jeung
What are the three types of psychoanalysis?
- Id psychoanalysis
- Ego psychoanalysis
- Object-relations psychoanalysis
What is Id psychoanalysis?
Id psychoanalysis states that the unconscious, or Id, is the primary driving force behind human behaviour.
What is ego psychoanalysis?
Ego psychoanalysis focuses on the mechanisms of ego defence and ego integration.
What is object-relations psychoanalysis?
Object-relations psychoanalysis studies the psyche in relation to objects, as well as the objects that it creates through fantasy and the objects that in complicated ways ultimately become its reality.
Klein
Define projection
The term “projection” referes to the projection of unconscious desires from the self onto the external world.
Define introjection
Introjection refers to the incorporation of objects into the self.
How does the psyche create its objects?
Through projection and introjection.
What did Klein define as a child’s first part-object?
The mother’s breast.
What is the paranoid-schizoid position?
A person in the paranoid-schizoid position is split between the good breast and the bad breast. The child still believes that they are two separate objects.
What is the depressive position?
The depressive position is when the infant realizes that the good breast and the bad breast are the same breast, which belongs to the mother as a whole.
Why did Klein advocate for play?
Klein believed that play was a way of establishing object-relations. Play provides a symbolic and safe space for children to work through their unconscious conflicts and anxieties related to their relationships, particularly with their caregivers (i.e. good breast and bad breast).
According to Klein, what did an artist in the paranoid-schizoid position achieve?
The artist in the paranoid-schizoid position symbolizes the conflicts and splits of this position (i.e. the child conceiving of the good breast and bad breast as separate).
According to Klein, what did an artist in the depressive position achieve?
The artist in the depressive position seeks to synthesize conflicting imagery in a whole as a means to mourn the damage to the mother and to make reparation.
What did Klein define as the good breast?
The “good breast” is the internalized representation of a nourishing and satisfying breast (the child gets milk from the breast).
What did Klein define as the bad breast?
The “bad breast” represents a frustrating or absent breast when the infant is hungry or frustrated. The child may want to harm the bad breast as it perceives it as a part-object and does not understand that it is part of the mother (the whole object).
According to Winnicott, what influence does the individual have on the world of objects?
The individual creates the world of objects.
According to Winnicott, what is the individual motivated by in addition to the sexual and aggressive drives?
The individual is also motivated by a creative drive, that being play.
What did Winnicott define as a transitional object?
Winnicott defined a transitional object as a physical object, typically a soft item like a blanket or stuffed animal, to which a child develops a strong attachment. These objects help the child bridge the gap between the internal world (where the mother’s love is initially felt) and the external world.
According to Jung, what is the persona defined as?
The persona is a complicated system of relations between the individual consciousness and society, fittingly enough, a kind of mask, designed on the one hand to make a definite impression upon others, and, on the other, to conceal the true nature of the individual.
What does Jung define the shadow as?
Jung defines the shadow as the “negative” side of the personality, the sum of all those unpleasant qualities we like to hide, together with the insufficiently developed functions and the contents of the personal unconscious.
Define compensation
An imbalance in one psychic direction is compensated for by the manifestation of an equally powerful force pulling in the opposite direction.
According to Jung, what is the collective unconscious?
The collective unconscious contains primordial images that are the most ancient and the most universal “thought-forms” of humanity. They are as much feelings as thoughts; indeed, they lead to their own independent life (as autonomous complexes) rather in the matter of part-souls.
According to Jung, what are archetypes?
Archetypes are the patterns by which we as a species make sense of reality, the patterns by which we shape reality and turn it into a coherent life or a coherent work of art. Archetypes belong to no one and, according to Jung, “were present from the beginning” of humanity.
What are the three key archetypes?
- The shadow
- The animus
- The anima
