chapter 2 kinetic particle theory

Question 1

describe the arrangement, forces of attraction, density, movement and kinetic energy of a solid

Answer 1

• very closely packed in a disorderly manner
  very strong FOA, high density, vibrate about fixed positions, very low K.E.

Question 2

describe the arrangement, forces of attraction, density, movement and kinetic energy of a liquid

Answer 2

• very closely packed in an disorderly manner
  moderately strong FOA, moderately high density, slide past one another freely, and moderately low K.E.

Question 3

describe the arrangement, forces of attraction, density, movement and kinetic energy of a gas

Answer 3

• very far apart in a disorderly manner
  very weak FOA, very low density, move randomly and rapidly, very high K.E.

Question 4

describe what happens during melting

Answer 4

• thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy and particles vibrate and rotate faster about their fixed positions
• particles with increased energy can overcome the forces of attraction and the orderly packing arrangement of the particles are disrupted
• particles can now move freely and slide past one another

Question 5

describe what happens during freezing

Answer 5

• kinetic energy of the particles is converted to thermal energy, which is transferred to the surroundings, so the particles slow down
• the particles with less energy are brought closer together by the forces of attraction, so the particle arrangement becomes more orderly
• particles can now vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions

Question 6

describe what happens during boiling

Answer 6

• thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy and particles slide past each other faster
• the particles with increased energy can overcome the forces of attraction, so the particles move further apart, rapidly and randomly
• particles are now moving rapidly and randomly

Question 7

describe what happens during condensation

Answer 7

• kinetic energy of particles is converted to thermal energy which is transferred to the surroundings, so particles begin to slow down
• particles with less energy are drawn closer together by the forces of attraction between them and the arrangement of particles become more orderly
• so particles begin to slide past one another freely

Question 8

why does the temperature remain the same at melting and boiling point

Answer 8

temperature remains constant during ___ as thermal energy gained is used to overcome the forces of attraction

Question 9

why does the temperature remain the same at freezing and condensation point

Answer 9

temperature remains constant during __ as thermal energy released is released to the surroundings which negates the cooling effect causing the temperature to remain constant

Question 10

what is diffusion

Answer 10

refers to the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 11

what are the factors affecting diffusion

Answer 11

1. temperature
   - the higher the temp the higher the rate of diffusion
2. particle mass
   the lower the particle mass the higher the rate of diffusion