chapter 2 - kinetic particle theory

Question 1

particles in a solid

Answer 1

very closely packed in an orderly manner, where particles are vibrating and rotating about their fixed positions

Question 2

particles in a liquid

Answer 2

closely packed in a disorderly manner, where particles are sliding past one another freely throughout the liquid

Question 3

particles in a gas

Answer 3

very far apart in a disorderly manner, where particles are moving randomly and at very high speeds in any direction

Question 4

describe particles during melting and boiling

Answer 4

when a substance is heated, particles absorb thermal energy, gaining kinetic energy to move faster and furthur apart. temperature remains constant as thermal energy absorbed by the particles is equal to energy used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles

Question 5

describe particles during freezing and condensation

Answer 5

when a substance is cooled, partciles lose thermal energy, losing kinetic energy and move slower and closer. temperature remains constant throughout the process until all the liquid has solidifed/ gas has condensed

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 7

effect of temperature on rate of diffusion

Answer 7

higher the temperature, higher the rate of diffusion. at higher temperatures, particles possess gretaer kinetic energy and move faster. hence, rate of diffusion increases.

Question 8

effect of relative Mr on rate of diffusion

Answer 8

lower Mr, higher rate of diffusion. particles with lower Mr require less kinetic energy to move at a given speed. hence, lighter particles diffuse faster.