Chapter 2 Key Terms

Question 1

Observation

Answer 1

is a piece of information we gather using our senses—our sight, hearing, smell, and touch.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

is a testable idea or explanation that leads to a scientific investigation.

Question 3

Prediction

Answer 3

a logical statement about what will happen if the hypothesis supported.

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

is a procedure designed to test hypothesis under controlled conditions

Question 5

Variable

Answer 5

is the factor of interest

Question 6

Experimental Group

Answer 6

The group that receives the experimental treatment

Question 7

Control Group

Answer 7

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment

Question 8

Data

Answer 8

The information that a scientist gathers during an experiment

Question 9

Correlations

Answer 9

associations between two or more events.

Question 10

Statistics

Answer 10

the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers.

Question 11

Mean

Answer 11

is the number obtained by adding the data fora characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals.

Question 12

Distributions

Answer 12

is the relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population.

Question 13

Probability

Answer 13

The chance that something will happen`

Question 14

Sample

Answer 14

is a group of individuals or events selected to represent the population

Question 15

Risk

Answer 15

is the probability of an unwanted outcome

Question 16

Models

Answer 16

are representations of objects or systems

Question 17

Conceptual Model

Answer 17

is a verbal or graphical explanation of how a systemworks or is organized.

Question 18

Values

Answer 18

principles or standards we consider important.

Question 19

Decision Making Model

Answer 19

is a conceptual model that provides a systematic process for making decisions

Question 20

Mathematical Model

Answer 20

One or more equations that represents the way a system or process works.